城市灌木群落小气候效应的时空分布

如何评价城市绿地规划设计的科学性是当前城市生态学、景观生态学和园林生态学的研究热点。现有研究主要着眼于不同类型绿地内部与周围空间小气候的静态分析,而对于绿地对周边环境的生态过程则报道甚少。笔者报道的试验主要以灌木为研究对象,选取太原市几处有代表性的灌木林,利用仪器对植物群落斑块周边温度和湿度在空间和时间的梯度变化进行了测试,以探索城市绿地对其周边环境温湿度的影响的时空分布特征。实验结果表明:植物的叶面蒸腾是绿地产生降温增湿等生态效应的主要原因。绿地对周边空气温湿度的影响随着与绿地距离的增加而递减。其影响力的大小与温度的变化成正相关。该研究揭示了绿地能够有效缓解城市高温的机制和影响格局,丰富了城市小气候环流理论,对城市规划和绿地景观设计都具有一定的指导意义。

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Microclimate Effects of the Urban Shrub Community

How to appraise the plan and design of urban green has been a scientific hot spot of urban ecology and landscape ecology and ecology of landscape architecture. Present research lays stress on the static analysis between inside of different type greenbelt and microclimate around the green. Based on appraising of the green land ecological effect on urban shrub, main typical urban plant humidity was selected as the test materials. The method is as follow: to utilize the hygrothermograph to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of humidity in 3 piece of sample. The result is that foliar transpiration of plant is the main cause for eco-effects. As the increase of distance between the green and the bare land, the eco-effects of greenbelt decrease progressively. The result indicates that greenbelt can be effective for easing the mechanism and influence pattern of high temperature in urban area, and the result enriches urban microclimate circulation theory. It is important to urban plan and greenbelt design.