我国粮食综合生产能力提升的制约因素及技术措施和保障机制

粮食安全作为关系国民经济发展、社会稳定和国家自立的战略问题,主要受粮食综合生产能力的影响.本文首先对上世纪90年代以来我国粮食单产、总产、粮食播种面积及其和农作物作物播种面积之比的变化趋势进行了回顾.然后从耕地资源、水资源、气候条件三个方面,分析了我国粮食生产面临的约束性资源制约;从农田水利基础、粮食物流、农业科学技术、农民种粮积极性四个方面,阐述了我国粮食生产的能动性资源制约因素.根据粮食生产的时空特征,从培育与推广、作物栽培与管理、收割与储运、优化粮食生产布局四个方面,探索了提高粮食产量的具体技术措施.最后从我国粮食生产所面临的资源性制约因素和能动性制约因素入手,构建包含激励、效率、预警、服务、抗灾、监督等六大提升我国粮食综合生产能力的长效机制.

Main Restriction Factor of Improving Overall Grain Production Capacity and Its Technical Measure and Safeguard Mechanism in China

The food security is the strategic problem that concern national economy development, social stability, national self-reliance, which is mainly affected by the overall grain production capacity.First, the paper reviewers the variation trend of unit area grain yield and total output,planting area, the ratio of grain and crop sown area in China since 1990s.Then, the bounded resources restriction factors which our country food production faces are analyzed from three aspects of cultivated land resources, water...