食用菌栽培对棉籽壳营养价值及山羊瘤胃动态降解率的影响

为了研究4种食用菌栽培后对栽培基质棉籽壳的营养价值和山羊瘤胃动态降解率的影响,选用6只年龄(10月龄)、体重(35.42±3.96)kg]接近并装有永久瘤胃瘘管的槐山羊羯羊,通过化学分析法测定了棉籽壳和4种菌糠的化学成分,并采用尼龙袋技术,分5批次测定了棉籽壳、平菇菌糠、木耳菌糠、金针菇菌糠和白灵菇菌糠瘤胃动态降解率。结果表明:(1)4种菌糠干物质(DM)和有机物(OM)含量分别比其栽培原料棉籽壳的含量降低13.09%~19.67%(P<0.01)和14.13%~39.52%(P<0.01),粗蛋白(CP)含量分别比棉籽壳提高40.20%~34.29%(P<0.01),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量分别比棉籽壳降低3.07%~39.72%和17.80%~45.91%(P<0.01);(2)木耳菌糠、金针菇菌糠、白灵菇菌糠的DM和OM在瘤胃内的有效降解率和a+b值(快速降解部分和慢速降解部分之和)均极显著高于棉籽壳(P<0.01),平菇菌糠的DM和OM在瘤胃内的有效降解率显著高于棉籽壳(P<0.05);平菇菌糠、金针菇菌糠、白灵菇菌糠的CP在瘤胃内的有效降解率和a+b值均极显著高于棉籽壳(P<0.01);4种菌糠的NDF和ADF在瘤胃内的有效降解率分别比棉籽壳提高76.72%~702.63%(P<0.01)和137.41%~575.31%(P<0.01)。因此,在棉籽壳上栽培4种食用菌均能改善棉籽壳的营养价值和提高山羊瘤胃消化率,栽培食用菌后的菌糠更有利于作为反刍动物饲料进行利用。

Effects of mushroom cultivation on nutritional value and dynamics of goat ruminal degradability of cottonseed hull

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a byproducts of mushroom cultivation, which uses straw and cottonseed hulls as substrate. SMS is an important middle part connecting plants and animals in the entire ecosystem. Cottonseed hulls were fermented during edible fungi cultivation and was one of raw materials of SMS, which can be used as ruminants feed. Six ruminally cannulated local white wether goats (10 month old with 35.42±3.96 kg initial body weight) were used to evaluate the nutritional value and in situ dry mater (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation characteristics of SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia polytricha, Flammulina velutipes and P. ferulae and cottonseed hulls. The study analyzed the effects of mushroom cultivation on nutritional value and dynamics of rumen degradability of cottonseed hull and four SMS. Compared with cottonseed hull, the results showed that DM and OM of the 4 SMSs dropped by 13.09%~19.67% (P < 0.01) and 14.13%~39.52% (P < 0.01), respectively. CP of the 4 SMSs increased by 40.20%~ 34.29% (P < 0.01), while NDF and ADF declined by 3.07%~39.72% (P < 0.01) and 17.80%~45.91% (P < 0.01), respectively. Effective rumen degradability of DM and OM, and a+b value of A. polytricha, F. velutipes and P. ferulae SMSs were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those of cottonseed hull. Also effective rumen degradability of DM and OM, and a+b value of P. ostreatus SMSs were higher (P < 0.05) than those of cottonseed hull. Then effective rumen degradability of CP and a+b value of P. ostreatus, F. velutipes and P. ferulae SMSs were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those of cottonseed hull. Effective rumen degradability of NDF and ADF of 4 SMSs increased by 76.72%~702.63% (P < 0.01) and 137.41%~575.31% (P < 0.01), respectively. In conclusion, nutritional value and effective rumen degradability of the 4 SMSs improved by mushroom cultivation on cottonseed hulls, which were also fit for use as feed for ruminants.