长白山西南坡山楂海棠访花昆虫多样性及其行为研究

2009—2010年对长白山山楂海棠访花昆虫的访花频次、访花时间、访花行为及其多样性进行的初步研究显示:长白山山楂海棠访花昆虫共6目19科33属46种,主要来自鞘翅目、膜翅目、双翅目和鳞翅目;各访花昆虫单日访花频率存在一定规律,其中膜翅目访花活动集中在上午,双翅目、鳞翅目和鞘翅目访花活动持续时间长,其访花活动存在互补性;膜翅目访花频率明显高于双翅目、鳞翅目和鞘翅目,其中膜翅目到访频率较高并且体躯携带花粉较多;不同类访花昆虫滞留时间差异较大,鳞翅目停留时间较长,鞘翅目停留时间较短;多样性指数分析表明,山楂海棠的访花昆虫群落多样性为中上水平;一天之中访花昆虫数目随温度的增加呈先增加后减小规律,随大气湿度的增加呈递减规律,而后有回升趋势;回归分析发现,访花昆虫数目在温度和湿度等气候影响下,其分布大致符合正态分布。

Diversity and behavior of flower visitors insects of Malus komarovii in the southwest slop of Changbai Mountain

We investigated the visiting frequency, visiting duration, behavior and diversity about flower visitors insects of Malus komarovii in the southwest slop of Changbai Mountain from 2009 to 2010. The results showed that there were 46 species of pollinators, which belonged to 6 orders, 19 families, 33 genera, and Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were major visitors. There was a certain rule for each insect to daily visit flowers.Hymenoptera visiting activity was mainly in the forenoon, while Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera visiting activity lasted longer, and their visiting activity existed complementary effect, and Hymenoptera visited frequently and carried more pollen. We also noted that Coleoptera stayed a short time on the flowers and Lepidoptera stayed longest on the flowers. The diversity indexes demonstrated that community diversity was in the upper level. The population of flower visitors insects first increased and then decreased with temperature increasing, while decreased with air humidityincreasing which had a upward trend in a day. Regression analysis indicated that the number of insects conformed tonormal distribution under the influence of temperature and humidity.