森林凋落物研究进展

主要论述了森林凋落物对森林生态系统的物质循环和能量流动所起的重要作用,森林凋落物分解的影响因素,以及在小尺度下对林木更新和群落演替的正副效应。森林凋落物在森林生态系统中发挥着重要的作用,它的分解使得被植物有效利用的养分元素重新释放到环境中去,参与生物地球化学循环,从而有机生命体赖以生存的营养物质不会因为植物的利用而枯竭,维持了植物种群、群落、生态系统乃至整个生物圈的持续生存和发展。但森林凋落物由于覆盖于森林地表,使得其对处于土壤表面的微环境系统产生重要影响,因为整个森林生态系统的发育就是从这个系统开始的,所以凋落物会对整个森林生态系统产生重要影响。以往的研究往往注重森林凋落物对森林生态系统的正面影响,忽略了其对森林更新的负面影响,而森林凋落物的负面影响是存在的,而且这些影响在一定程度上决定着森林的更新成败乃至整个生态系统的平衡、协调、持续和健康发展。

Study on the Adaptation Mechanism of Epiphytes

In this paper the summarization about the following aspects of the litter of the forest was mainly unfold: firstly,the important impaction of the litter exerts to the material cycling and power flow;secondly,the factors influencing the decomposition of the litter and finally,the positive and passive effect on the renewal of the plant and the succession of the community.The litter plays an important role in the forestry ecosystem.Its decomposition makes the effective utilized nutrient element released to the environment and participated in the biogeochemical cycle again.Consequently,the nutrient will be never run out for the utilization of the plant.It maintains the survival and the development of the population,the community and even the ecosystem and the result is the litter covering the field.So the litter will impact the microhabitat of the surface of the soil,because the microhabitat is the origination of the forestry ecosystem,the litter will indirectly influence the forestry ecosystem.The former studies focused on the positive effects of the litter,however the passive effect to the renewal of the forest was ignored.Nevertheless,the passive effects indeed existed.Moreover,these effects will determine the success of the renewal of the forest and the development of ecosystem to balance,harmony,persistence and health.