定位施肥对水稻产量与品质的影响

从1992到2000年，在中性紫色土上进行了不同肥料处理对水稻产量与品质影响的定位试验。结果表明，不同肥料组合对水稻的增产顺序为：MNPK〉NPK〉NP和NK〉N〉PK〉CK，施用化肥和有机肥明显提高了水稻产量；水稻产量与气候密切相关，正常气候各年度稻谷平均产量在6．0～7．0t／hm^2左右，1993年气候异常，各处理稻谷平均产量仅为4．0t／hm^2；除1993年N肥、P肥、K肥效平均分别为：K（12．4kg）〉P（7．5kg）〉N（4．9kg）外，其他正常气候年份化肥肥效则为N〉P〉K。施氮肥、磷肥籽粒全氮、全磷含量比不施氮肥、磷肥分别平均高14％，32％；M＋NPK配施茎叶中含磷量比单施化肥处理高27％，施氮肥水稻籽粒粗蛋白含量均比不施氮肥高，施钾肥处理水稻吸钾量明显高于不施钾肥处理。

EFFECTS OF LONG- TERM FERTILIZATION AT FIXED LOCATION ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF RICE

Based on the data of a long-term fertilization experim ent at fixed locations on neutral purp le soil from 1992 to 2000,yield re-sponse to fertilization treatm ents appeared in the order ofMNPK >NPK >NP /NK >N >PK >control,and yearly yield fluctuated from 6.0 to 7.0 t/hm2ow ing to the d ifference in c lim ate.Abnorm al c lim ate occurred in 1993 and the average yield of various treatm ents was on ly 4.0 t/hm2.The yield-improving effic iency of averaged 13.2,9.1 and 4.9 kg for N,P and K for the first 4 years w ith the exception of 1993,in wh ich they were 12.4,7.5 and 4.9 kg.In the 5 years of 1997-2000,the yield-improving effic iency of P and K increased by 58.0% and 51.6% as compared w ith the first 4 years.TotalN and total P of the grain was 14% and 32%,respec-tively,h igher when N and P was app lied than in the no-fertilizer control.P content in rice straw was 27% h igher in the treatm ent of NPK comb ined w ith m anure than the treatm ent ofNPK.Crude prote in in the grain was h igher in N treatm ent than in no-N treatm ent.K app lication m arked ly improved K uptake by rice p lants.