果实膨大期不同浓度GA3处理对大红袍花椒果实品质影响

施加GA₃等植物生长调节剂已成为提高果实品质的重要栽培管理手段,但施加GA₃对花椒果实品质的影响目前仍不清楚。为研究不同浓度GA₃处理在果实膨大期对大红袍花椒果实的外在品质和内在品质的影响,筛选出最优GA₃喷施浓度。选择大红袍花椒为研究对象,在花椒果实膨大期喷施浓度为25 mg/L,50 mg/L,75 mg/L和100 mg/L的GA₃,待果实成熟采收后,分别测定果粒的纵径、横径、百粒重、果皮油囊数量、总挥发油、酰胺类化合物、不挥发性乙醚萃取物以及总黄酮指标。结果表明,坐果期喷施75 mg/L GA₃时综合效果最好,果实纵径,横径,百粒重以及果皮油囊数量4项外在品质指标分别提升14%、11%、12%和35%。果皮总挥发油、麻味物质、不挥发性乙醚萃取物和总黄酮4项内在品质指标会显著提升33%、27%、13%和11%。本研究筛选出了提升花椒果实品质的最佳GA₃处理浓度,为花椒栽培管理提供了新的见解和思路。

Effect of GA3 Treatment with Different Concentrations on Fruit Quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. "Dahongpao" During Fruit Expansion Period

Application of plant growth regulators such as GA₃ has become an important cultivation management tool to improve fruit quality, but the effect of GA₃ application on Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. "Dahongpao" fruit quality is still unclear. In order to investigate the effect of different GA₃ concentrations on the external and internal quality of "Dahongpao" fruits during fruit expansion, the optimum GA₃ spraying concentration was selected. The fruit were sprayed at 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 75 mg/L and 100 mg/L during fruit set. After harvesting, the longitudinal and transverse diameters, the weight of 100 grains, the number of pericarp oil capsules, the total volatile oil, the amide compounds, the non-volatile ether extract and the total flavonoids were measured. The results showed that the best overall results were obtained when 75 mg/L GA₃ was sprayed at fruit set, and the four external quality indicators, namely longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, 100 grain weight and number of oil capsules on the fruit skin, were improved by 14%, 11%, 12% and 35% respectively. The four intrinsic quality indicators, namely total peel volatile oil, pineness, non-volatile ether extract and total flavonoids, were significantly improved by 33%, 27%, 13% and 11% respectively. This study screened out the optimal GA₃ treatment concentration for enhancing "Dahongpao" fruit quality, providing new insights and ideas for "Dahongpao" cultivation management.