Proteome analysis of greenhouse-cultured lettuce with the natural soil mineral conditioner illite |
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Authors: | Jong-Soon Choi Seong-Woo Cho Tae-Seon Kim Kun Cho Seok-Soon Han Hong-Ki Kim Sun-Hee Woo Keun-Yook Chung |
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Institution: | 1. Proteomics Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea;1. CSIRO Entomology, PMB No 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia;2. School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;3. Odum School of Ecology, Ecology Annex, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2360, USA |
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Abstract: | The natural soil mineral conditioner illite effectively improved the germination and growth of lettuce when applied in particulate or powdered form. When illite was given in particulate and powdered forms, the germination rate of lettuce seeds improved remarkably up to 93% and 133%, respectively. Contrary to the developmental effects, the growth rate of lettuce treated with particulate illite improved slightly by 23%; powdered illite had no significant effects on lettuce growth rate. Thus, illite primarily affects seed germination rather than the growth of lettuce. To examine illite-induced proteins related to lettuce growth, differentially expressed proteins in lettuce leaves were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) followed by Mascot search. From the proteomic analysis, five down-regulated proteins were identified related to storage protein, carbon metabolism and energy conversion. Three up-regulated proteins were related to energy production/conversion and carbon fixation. These results demonstrate that illite treatment as a soil conditioner helps lettuce seed germination and lettuce growth by regulating carbon metabolic flux. |
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