影响肉牛肌内脂肪沉积的遗传、管理和营养因素

肌内脂肪在骨骼肌中的含量包括长背肌,也称为大理石花纹脂肪,是决定牛肉质量最重要的因素之一。基因、品种、管理和营养影响肌内脂肪沉积。在此,本文综述了影响肌内脂肪沉积的遗传因素(品种、性别差异和遗传力)和管理因素。阉割公牛会增加大多数品种牛的肌内脂肪沉积。本文还综述了断奶日龄、阉割、屠宰体重、年龄和环境条件等因素对肌内脂肪沉积的影响。营养因素包括脂肪代谢,饲料消化、吸收,葡萄糖、淀粉的有效性,维生素水平。因此,根据消费者对牛肉的偏好,可能需要多种策略的组合来调控肌内脂肪的沉积。

Factors related to genetic,management and nutrition affecting fat deposition in beef muscle

The amount of intramuscular fat in skeletal muscles,including the longissimus,also known as marblefat,is one of the most important factors in determining the quality of beef.Genes and varieties,management and nutrition affect intramuscular fat deposition.Here,we review the genetic factors(breed,sex,and heritability)and management factors that affect intramuscular fat deposition.Castrating bulls increases intramuscular fat deposits in most breeds.The effects of weaning age,castration,slaughter weight,age and environmental conditions on intramuscular fat deposition were also reviewed.Nutritional factors,including fat metabolism,digestion and absorption of feed,availability of glucose/starch,and levels of vitamins are important for intramuscular fat deposition.Thus,depending on consumer preference for beef,a combination of strategies may be required to regulate intramuscular fat deposition.