有机无机结合施肥制度研究进展

笔者综述了有机肥、无机肥以及有机无机结合施肥对作物产量与品质、土壤肥力以及农田氮损失的影响以及机理，重申了有机无机结合施肥制度的优越性。认为有机无机配施过程中提供的速效养分数量和强度是影响有机物配施效果的关键因素，理想的有机无机配施是使得速效养分的数量和强度既能满足作物生长的需求，又不会引起因速效养分的流失导致的环境风险。指出在生产实践中科学的有机无机配施比例应该考虑以下几个因素，主要包括土壤基础地力水平，施肥水平，有机肥类型，气候条件等；有机无机结合施肥过程中，在保证作物需求的前提下，降低化肥的施用比例是降低活性氮损失，减轻环境负面影响的关键措施。

Research Progress of Organic-inorganic Fertilizer Combined Application System

The authors reviewed the influence of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer combined application on crop yield and quality, soil fertility and nitrogen loss in farmland, and reiterated the superiority of organic- inorganic fertilizer combined application. The response of organicinorganic fertilization could be mainly affected by the quantity and intensity of available nutrients. The rational organic- inorganic fertilizer combined application could make available nutrients meet the demand of crop growth without environmental risks. Several factors should be considered in the practice of organic-inorganic fertilizer combined application, including soil fundamental fertility, fertilization level, organic fertilizer type and climate condition. This study indicated that reducing the proportion of chemical fertilizer in the combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer, on the premise of satisfying crop demand, could be the key measure to reduce environmental negative impact.