不同水泥类型混凝土人工鱼礁的生物附着效果

为研究不同水泥类型混凝土人工鱼礁对生物附着效果的影响,本研究在青岛薛家岛海域进行礁体挂板实验,水泥类型包括复合硅酸盐水泥(P.C)、矿渣硅酸盐水泥(P.S)、火山灰质硅酸盐水泥(P.P)、粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥(P.F)和铝酸盐水泥(CA),2015年9月完成海上挂板.结果显示,2015年11月第1次取样,不同材质人工鱼礁上的附着生物量从大到小依次为P.P、P.S、CA、P.F和P.C,生物量分别为888.29、755.43、752.07、620.11和402.01 g/m2;生物种类分别为P.ES上7种,P.F、P.P和CA上各5种,P.C上3种.2016年3月,CA、P.P、P.F、P.EC和ES上的生物量分别为1956.94、1601.44、1453.06、1254.63和1072.43 g/m2;生物种类由多到少为P.F、CA、P.S、P.P、P.C,种类分别为17、15、12、11、8.2015年11月,Pielou均匀度指数J为CA＞P.P＞P.F＞P.C＞P.S;2016年3月为P.S＞P.F＞P.P＞CA＞P.C.2015年1 1月,附着生物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')为CA＞P.P＞P.F＞P.C＞P.S;2016年3月依次为P.S＞P.F＞P.P＞CA＞P.C.研究表明,5种混凝土鱼礁中,铝酸盐水泥(CA)及粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥(P.F)人工鱼礁生物附着效果好,复合硅酸盐水泥(P.C)生物附着效果较差.

Study on the Organisms Attachment of Artificial Reefs Constructed with Five Different Cements

In order to study organism attachment on artificial reefs made of different cements, we hanged the artificial reefs constructed with five different cements including Composite Portland cement (P.C), slag Portland cement (P.S), pozzolana Portland cement (P.P), fly ash Portland cement (P.F) and aluminate cement (CA). The artificial reefs were exposed to the marine environment near the Xuejia Island in September 2015. In November 2015, we collected the first water samples to analyze different reef materials on organism attachment. We found that the biomass of fouling organisms on different artificial reefs followed the order P.P > P.S > CA > P.F > P.C, and the values were 888.29 g/m2, 755.43 g/m2, 752.07 g/m2, 620.11 g/m2 and 402.01 g/m2 respectively. The number of organism species on P.S was 7, and it was 5 on P.F, P.P and CA. We collected the second samples in March 2016 and found that CA still had the largest biomass that was 1956.94 g/m2, followed by P.P, P.F, P.C and P.S on which the biomass was 1601.44 g/m2, 1453.06 g/m2, 1254.63 g/m2 and 1072.43 g/m2 respectively. The number of species on P.F, CA, P.S, P.P and P.C was 17, 15, 12, 11 and 8. In the first sampling, the Pielou evenness index (J) followed the order CA > P.P > P.F > P.C > P.S; in the second sampling, the order was P.S > P.F > P.P > CA > P.C. In the first sampling, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H´) of fouling organisms followed the order CA > P.P > P.F > P.C > P.S; in the second sampling, the order was P.S > P.F > P.P > CA > P.C. Our study showed that the aluminate cement and fly ash cement artificial reefs were most suitable for organism attachment, whereas the composite Portland cement had poor biological adhesion capability.