适合机械化收获的甘薯品种筛选及育种研究

甘薯机械化收获程度过低是阻碍中国甘薯产业健康发展的瓶颈，而农机农艺不配套则是导致无法很好地进行机械化收获的主要因素之一。笔者主要通过对5 个薯形大小不同的甘薯品种进行机械化收获试验，分析了甘薯的薯形和大小对甘薯机械化收获的影响。结果表明：‘徐紫薯5 号’的机械化收获破损率最小，因此该品种更适合田间机械化收获。同时，在调查参试品种的薯形、破损率和明薯率后，发现甘薯的薯形与其破损率具有极显著线性关系，扁率越大其破损率越大，反之则破损率越小，但对薯块明薯率没有显著影响。因此，在甘薯品种选育过程中，在考虑农艺性状的同时应当选择薯形扁率较小的品系。

Screening and Breeding of Sweetpotato Varieties Suitable for Mechanical Harvesting

The lower degree of mechanical harvesting sweetpotato has restrained the development of sweetpotato industry in China.The mismatches between agricultural machinery and sweetpotato agronomy are one of the main factors that affect sweetpotato mechanical harvesting.In this study,we used five sweetpotato varieties with different shape and size to analyze their effects on the mechanical harvesting of sweetpotato.The results showed that the damage rate of ‘Xuzishu 5’ was the lowest.So,this variety was more suitable for mechanical harvesting in fields than the other varieties.At the same time,by investigating the shape,breakage rate and potato-exposing rate,we found that there is an extremely significant linear relationship between the sweetpotato shape and the breakage rate,i.e.,the higher the flat rate,the bigger breakage rate.However,there was no obvious effect on the potato-exposing rate.Therefore,we should take tuberous root with lower flat rate as well as of better agronomic characters in the process of breeding new sweetpotato varieties.