太空环境诱发红小豆大粒突变

:1 994年将雄县红小豆 (Phasealusangulariswight)种子搭载“940 70 3”返回式卫星。试验结果表明 ,太空环境对SP1代种子的发芽率和生长发育有明显的抑制效应 ,卫星搭载的种子发芽率仅为 1 5% ,现蕾、开花、结荚、成熟的生育时期较对照晚7d。在SP2 代群体 ,百粒重发生显著变异 ,单株籽粒明显增大 ,大粒突变频率为52 9% ,表明太空环境对红小豆大粒性状有较好的诱变作用。从SP2 检出的大粒突变株 ,在SP3 代的平均百粒重为 1 6 8～ 2 1 3 g ,较对照 1 1 5g明显增重 ,表明SP2 代的大粒性状为真正的基因突变 ,能够遗传给后代。从SP3 代群体中 ,已获得百粒重与单株产量均明显优于对照的优异突变株 1 2个 ,且已进入SP4代 ,可望获得综合性状优良的大粒突变系 (品种 )。

INDUCTIONOFLARGEGRAINMUTATIONINADZUKI BEAN (PHASEOLUSANGULARISWIGHT)BY SPACEENVIRONMENTALCONDITION

Driedseedsofadzukibeanwerecarriedby“94070 3”recoverablesatellitefor 1 4 daysin 1 994.Theresultsshowedunderspaceenvironmentalconditionthatinhibitoryeffect,in cludinggeriminationpercentage,growthanddevelopment,werecausedevidently .Thegermina tionpercentagereducedto 1 5% .Periodsofbudbursting ,flowering ,podingandmaturingweredelayed 7daysincomparisonwiththatofgroundcontrol.Therewasobviousvariationoflarge graininSP2 generation ,themutationfrequencyoflargegrainamountedto 52 9% .The 100 grainweightwas 1 6 8～2 13ginSP3 generation ,higherthanthatofcontrol (115g) .The passedcharacteroflargegrainwascausedbygenemutationandcouldbepasseddowntonext generation .1 2 goodstrainsofSP3 wereobtainedandadvancedintoSP4.Theyieldperplantofthesestrainswasobviouslyhighterthanthatofcontrol.Theseverallinesoflargegrainwith goodcharacterwillbeobtainedinthenearfuture.