山西省小麦、玉米养分资源管理现状及其养分平衡研究

对山西省小麦、玉米近10年的产量和养分施用状况以及养分平衡进行了分析。结果表明:自1991年以来,全省小麦、玉米总产随播种面积的下降在逐年下降,单产则随年际间气候变动波动很大。从养分施用情况看,全省化肥用量总体呈逐年上升趋势。2000年的农田调查结果显示,小麦、玉米施肥不足与过量现象共存,在所调查的样本数中,占样本数25%的农田施肥过量,主要集中在集约化生产程度高的南部地区,也是山西省小麦、玉米的主产区。占样本数50%的农田施肥不足,主要分布在山西省北中部地区,生产水平较低,以粗放式经营为主。对全省小麦、玉米养分平衡计算分析发现,氮磷养分处于盈余状态,盈余数量氮素多年变动在0.85万~3.57万t,磷素多年变动在3.15万~8.58万t。与氮磷养分不同,钾素多年处于亏缺状态,亏缺数量多年变动在0.04万~6.75万t。

Nutrient Resources Management and Nutrient Balance of Wheat and Maize in Shanxi

Relationship between yield and fertilizer application and nutrient balance during latest ten years on wheat and maize in Shanxi were discussed. Overall yield was decreasing since 1991 and unit area yield was unstable with weather changing. In terms of fertilizer application in Shanxi, it was increasing year by year, but deficiency and excess were coexist in wheat and maize by field survey in 2000 which, all of samples, 25% was excessive and 50% was deficient. Nutrient balance sheet indicated that nitrogen was excess 8.5 to 35.7 thousands tones, and phosphorus was excess 31.5 to 85.8 thousands tones, yet, potassium was deficient that the short quantity was 0.4 to 67.5 thousands tones.