玉米秸秆还田技术与效应研究进展

为秸秆还田的科学研究和更大范围内的应用推广提供理论参考，笔者从玉米秸秆还田的技术演变、秸秆还田对土壤理化性状和微生物的影响以及秸秆还田对产量影响等方面的研究进行综述。在此基础上，提出了秸秆还田需要进一步研究解决的问题，玉米秸秆还田技术从玉米秸秆直接还田向粉碎还田方向发展，玉米秸秆还田后经土壤微生物的作用形成腐殖质，增加了土壤有机质，有利于土壤团粒结构的形成，为土壤微生物的生长提供了物质基础和生长环境，从而提高玉米的产量。

Research Progress of Technique and Effect of Maize Straw Returning

In order to provide theory reference for the science research and application of maize straw returning in larger scale, the authors summarized the maize straw returning technique evolution, its influence on soil physical and chemical properties, microorganisms and the yield. On this basis, the authors put forward the problems for further study on maize straw returning, suggested that maize straw returning technique should be developed from direct application to smash application, and indicated that the maize straw formed humus after the effect of microbes in soil, which could increase soil organic matter and was benefit to the formation of soil aggregate structure, therefore, maize straw returning could provide material basis and growing environment for microbes in the soil, and increase the yield of maize.