吉林省不同肥力黑土玉米平衡施肥研究

在吉林省黑土区3种不同肥力土壤上研究平衡施肥效果。结果表明,平衡施肥对玉米具有较好的增产增收效果,其增产顺序为低肥力黑土中肥力黑土高肥力黑土。高肥力黑土施肥适宜用量分别为N145kg/hm2、P2O546kg/hm2、K2O90kg/hm2;中肥力黑土施肥适宜用量分别为N90kg/hm2、P2O569kg/hm2、K2O60kg/hm2;低肥力黑土施肥适宜用量分别为N200kg/hm2、P2O592kg/hm2、K2O30kg/hm2。氮肥对玉米的增产增收效果最好,是玉米高产的主要限制因子。玉米子粒吸收的养分随施肥量的增加而增加,肥料利用率随施肥量的增加而降低。

Study on the Balanced Fertilization for Maize on the Black Soil with Different Fertilities in Jilin Province

By the study on balanced fertilization for maize on the black soil of different fertility, the results showed that balanced fertilization had a good yield and income increasing effect whose yield and income increasing order was low fertility black soil > middle fertility black soil > high fertility black soil. The optimum application rates for N, P₂O₅ and K₂O was 145, 46, 90 kg/ha, respectively on the high fertility black soil. The optimum application rates for N, P₂O₅ and K₂O was 90, 69, 60 kg/ha, respectively on the middle fertility black soil. The optimum application rates for N, P₂O₅ and K₂O was 200, 92, 30 kg/ha, respectively on the low fertility black soil. N was the main high-yielding limiting factor due to its high yield and income increasing effect to maize. With the increment of fertilizer application, the nutrients requirement for producing 100 kg grain was increased, whereas fertilizer utilization rate was decreased.