固体废弃物及土壤中磷的形态分析技术

畜禽粪便等固体废弃物及土壤中磷的形态分析对于管理固体废弃物、提高磷素利用率、减少磷素流失风险具有重要意义。自20世纪初以来，已提出多种固体废弃物及土壤中磷素形态分析的方法，包括化学分级、酶水解法、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、31P核磁共振(31P NMR)、X射线吸收近边结构(XANES)等。本文系统总结了一些固体废弃物及土壤中磷素形态分析的方法，比较了其特点，指出只靠单一的方法并不能很好的鉴定固体废弃物及土壤中磷素的形态，必须综合考虑运用多种方法，从而为磷素形态分析提供方法选择的依据，同时为进一步发展固体废弃物及土壤中磷素形态分析新技术奠定基础。

METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHORUS FORMS IN BIOSOLIDS AND SOILS

Morphological analysis of phosphorus in biosolids and soils is essential to waste management, improvement of phosphorus use efficiency and control of P leaching risk. Since the early 20th century, various methods have been put forward to analyze forms of phosphorus in biosolids and soils, including chemical fractionation, enzymatic hydrolysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). In the paper, various methods of characterizing phosphorus forms in biosolids and soils are systematically summarized and compared. Integrated application of various methods is recommended to better identify forms of phosphorus in bisolids and soils rather than only using a single method so as to provide useful information for choosing appropriate methods for the analysis and also to lay down a foundation for further developing novel techniques for analysis of forms of phosphorus in biosolids and soils.