施用竹炭对卷心菜光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

为研究人工施用竹炭对卷心菜光合及荧光特性的影响,进而明确竹炭的施用量,以实现科学指导施肥,提高有机种植产量的目标。试验以上海崇明多利农庄的有机种植卷心菜为试材,设置了3个竹炭有机处理试验:无碳(CK)、中碳(MC)和高碳(HC)。于2014年7月(莲座期)测定其在不同处理条件下叶片的相对叶绿素含量、光合参数和荧光特性,研究其光合及叶绿素荧光特性与差异。结果表明:(1)不同处理条件下卷心菜叶片的相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)由大到小依次为:MC、CK、HC;(2)净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr和气孔导度Gs对光强的响应由大到小依次为:MC、CK、HC;(3)卷心菜的最大净光合速率Pnmax、光饱和点Lsp和表观量子效率AQY为MC时最高,但对应的胞间CO2浓度Ci、暗呼吸速率Rd和光补偿点Lcp最低;(4)初始荧光F0、最大荧光Fm、PSⅡ的最大光化学效率Fv/Fm和PSⅡ的潜在活性Fv/F0由大到小依次为:MC、CK、HC。表明施用竹炭对莲座期卷心菜光合作用有显著影响,且MC处理时最有利于增加卷心菜相对叶绿素含量及其光合作用,提高光能利用率,进而促进产物积累。

Influence of Bamboo Charcoal Application on Cabbage Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics

The object of this study is to reveal the effect of bamboo charcoal application on cabbage and then ascertain the optimum amount of charcoal organic fertilizer for scientific fertilization. Organic cabbage on Dolly farm of Chongming,Shanghai was selected as the research material,and three bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer treatments:the control ( CK) ,the moderate charcoal ( MC) and the high charcoal ( HC) were estab?lished.During July (Rosette period) in 2014,its chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameter,relative chloro?phyll content and photosynthetic characteristics were measured.The results showed that the values of the rela?tive chlorophyll content ( SPAD) of the cabbage leaves under different treatments was in the order as MC>CK>HC;(2) the responses of Pn/Tr/Gs/ to light intensity were MC>CK>HC;(3)the fit Pmax,AQY and LSP were the maximums under MC,but the Ci,Rdand Lcp were the minimums;(4) the initial minimum fluorescence F0, the initial maximum fluorescence Fm,variable fluorescence Fv,maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡFv/Fm and the potential activity of PSⅡFv/F0changed as MC>CK>HC.The results suggest that bamboo charcoal has a significant effect on organic cabbage during the rosette period. And under MC treatment condition, it grows best,and MC treatment is helpful to improve the cabbage relative chlorophyll content and photosynthe?sis,as well as the utilization ratio of light energy and accumulation of photosynthetic products.