油茶花器官形成过程花芽与叶片生理生化变化

油茶(Camellia oleifera)花器官形成和花的开放过程是油茶花芽分化的结果,也是油茶产量形成的重要基础。通过对花器官各个发育阶段的春梢各部位器官(上叶、下叶和花芽)生理生化分析,以了解花器官发育的生理生化变化特征,为探讨花器官形成机制、自交可育性、花期变化以及油茶优质高产及多花不多产现象提供基础数据,结果表明:花芽中可溶性蛋白比叶片中高,在花开放时达到最高;叶片中可溶性总糖、蔗糖及果糖均比芽中高,在花开放时春梢各部位器官中可溶性总糖达到最高,此时蔗糖与果糖含量则最低,叶片中蔗糖与果糖含量最高则在花苞膨大中期,花芽在花苞膨大前期达到最高;春梢各部位器官內源激素在花瓣形成前叶片中含量高于花芽中,此后到雌雄蕊成熟前则叶片中含量低于花芽中,而后花芽发育3个阶段叶片中含量表现为"高于—低于—高于"花芽中,花芽中各类激素在子房和花药形成期含量相对较高,叶片在花芽成花转变期含量最高。

Physiological and Biochemical Change in Flower Buds and Leaves during the Formation of Floral Organs of Camellia oleifera

The formation of floral organs and the process of flower opening of Camellia oleifera are the re-sults of its flower bud differentiation.In order to investigate the mechanism of floral organ formation,the fertility of self copulation,the changes in the flowering stage,the high quality and yield and the phenomenon of many flowers but low yield,an analysis of physiological and biochemical changes in the organs ( upper leaves,lower leaves and flower buds) in the various stages of the development of floral organs was carried out. The results showed that:the soluble protein content in flower buds was higher than that in leaves and reached the highest at the flower blooming;the sucrose and fructose contents in leaves were the highest at the mid bud swelling,those in flower buds were the highest at the early bud swelling;the contents of endogenous hormones in the leaves of spring shoots were higher than those in the flower buds before the petals formed,then were higher than those in the flower buds before pistil and stamen were mature;and in the three stages of the development of the flower buds the contents of endogenous hormones were in the order of"higher-lower-higher",the contents of various hormones were the highest in the stage of ovary and anther formation and the contents in the leaves were the highest in the flower buds.