江苏太湖地区农村生活用水特征及影响因素研究——以宜兴市丁蜀镇方钱村为例

农村生活用水特征是测算农村生活污染负荷、设计农村污水处理工程的重要依据。以江苏省宜兴市丁蜀镇方钱村为例,采用实地走访和问卷调查的方式,对江苏太湖地区农村生活用水特征进行研究,并分析其影响因素。结果表明,该地区生活用水主要来源为自来水,约占整个生活用水量的77%,自来水的人均用水量为84.7 L/d。随季节变化和温度的增加,盥洗、洗衣用水量显著增加,厨房用水量变化不大,但冲厕用水量明显降低。当地居民使用洗衣、盥洗排出的杂排水冲厕的习惯,有效减少了冲厕用的自来水量。随着农村居民受教育程度和经济水平的提高,卫生习惯不断改善,自来水用量也逐渐增加。户均年收入5万~20万元,自来水用量对经济水平的刺激不敏感。25~40岁的人群,经济能力和卫生观念强,用水量明显高于其他年龄层的农村居民。

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Domestic Water Consumption in Rural Area of Taihu Lake,Jiangsu: A Case Study of Fangqian Village,Dingshu Town,Yixing City

The characteristic of domestic water consumption is an important indicator for the calculation of pollution load and wastewater treatment design in rural area. Taking Fangqian village, Dingshu Town, Yixing City, Jiangsu Province as an example, the characteristics of domestic water consumption were investigated through field visits and questionnaires in rural areas of Taihu Lake. The influencing factors were analyzed as well. Results showed that the main water resource in the study area was tap water (84.7 L/d per person), which accounted for 77% of the total water consumption. The consumption for laundry water increased significantly with seasonal change and temperature increase, in contrast, the flushing water consumption decreased obviously. The amount of water used in kitchen showed limited variation. The habit developed by the residents to reuse laundry water for flushing possibly explained this phenomenon. Higher education and income levels resulted in an improvement of hygienic habit, and tap water was widely used. Water consumption of residents with yearly earning at 50-200 thousand yuan was not so sensitive to the increment of living expenses. Water consumption of people aging from 25 to 40 was higher than that of other age groups because of a better economic condition and health concerns.