南京高淳区暴雨特征分析及对农业的影响

采取1981—2018年南京市高淳区气象局的暴雨日数观测资料,通过采取气候倾向率的方法对南京市高淳区暴雨特征进行分析,并阐述了其对农业的影响。结果表明,近38年来南京市高淳区暴雨日数整体上呈现波动性增加的变化趋势,气候倾向率是0.444 d/10年;38年间南京市高淳区共出现了162个暴雨日,平均暴雨日数约为4.3 d;年暴雨日数最多为15 d,年暴雨日数最少为1 d;高淳区近38年来暴雨天气大部分集中于5—9月,该时间段累计出现暴雨日数145 d,占年累计值的89.5%;高淳区夏季发生暴雨天气的频率最高,秋季与春季发生较少,冬季出现暴雨天气的概率最小。暴雨天气的发生会导致土壤过湿,农田过湿加重,部分农田还可能出现涝渍或者洪涝灾害,给农业生产常常造成十分严重的损失;针对暴雨天气,应不断强化强暴雨天气的监测以及预报预警,并且为农户提供精细化的暴雨灾害防御指导,从而减少暴雨灾害给农业造成的损失。

Characteristics of Rainstorm in Gaochun District of Nanjing and Its Impact on Agriculture

Based on the observation data of rainstorm days during 1981-2018 from Gaochun District Meteorological Bureau of Nanjing City,the characteristics of rainstorm and its impact on agriculture in Gaochun District were analyzed by adopting the method of climate tendency rate.The results showed that in the past 38 years,the number of rainstorm days in Gaochun District showed a trend of increasing volatility,and the climate tendency rate was 0.444 days per 10 years.During the 38 years,there were 162 rainstorm days in Gaochun District,with an average of 4.3 days.The maximum number of rainstorm days was 15 days,and the minimum number of rainstorm days was 1 day.The rainstorm mainly occurred from May to September.The total number of rainstorm days in this period was 145 days,accounting for 89.5%of the total annual value.The frequency of rainstorm was the highest in summer,less in autumn and spring,and the lowest in winter.The occurrence of rainstorm caused the soil to be excessively wet,and some farmland might be waterlogged or flooded,which caused very serious losses to agricultural production.It was necessary to strengthen the monitoring,forecast and early warning of the rainstorm,and provide the farmers with the refined guidance of the rainstorm disaster prevention,so as to reduce the losses caused by the rainstorm disaster to agriculture.