试论乾隆十二年山东水灾与灾后应对

乾隆12年（1747），山东90余州县卫所遭受了特大水灾，被灾面积几乎遍及全省，出现了严重的粮食短缺。清廷首要任务是有效地解决粮食供应问题，迅速采取周边省份协济仓谷、截留漕粮和捐纳贡监等举措，并积极号召地方士绅参与，同时变通现行政策，缓解了山东灾情，显示了此时国家行政运转的高效率。

The Flood and Disaster Relief During the Rein of Qianlong Period in 1747

During the rein of Qianlong period in 1747,Shandong province came up against a serious flood.Most of the counties were hit by the natural calamity and were short of food supplies.The all-important assignment that Qing government faced was the effective provisionment.Qing government adopted many measures such as the interprovincial provisionment,keeping back ts'ao-liang,encouraging Juanjian and calling upon Gentry's participation.At the same time,Qing government changed some existent policies and systems.Thu...