沈阳师范大学校园绿化植物的应用及分析

调查了沈阳师范大学校园绿化植物的种类,发现乔木共计62种,其中以蔷薇科种数最多,达18种。从数量上看,在教学区占优势的乔木包括银杏、国槐及其变种金叶槐、刺槐、黄檗、臭椿、山皂角、欧洲赤松、新疆杨、花楸、元宝槭;东生活区为苹果梨、金叶槐、新疆杨;南生活区优势树种为梓树、新疆杨;北生活区则为银中杨、新疆杨。灌木共计32种,其中蔷薇科灌木达9种。葡萄科藤本植物3种。绿化应用的草本植物有23种,以禾本科植物种类较多,达6种,它们主要是作为草坪地被来应用,其中早熟禾面积最大。总结了沈阳师范大学校园绿化的优点,主要是植物配置种类丰富,观花、观果、观叶植物搭配合理;珍稀植物有一定的应用,一些植物的规模应用效应明显,地处一隅的小土山上较为自然生长的植被提供了别样的绿化与休闲空间。分析了其中存在的问题,如速生树种杨树比例过大,某些植物栽植在不适合其生态要求的生境之中,以及梨树与柏之间的搭配导致梨锈病严重的问题。认为校园绿化植物的选择、配置应考虑植物学、植物生态学、植物生理学、景观学、美学、经济学等方面的综合因素,从而最大化地发挥校园绿化的生态效益和文化效益。

Plant Application and Analysis in Shenyang Normal University

Gardening plant species were investigated in Shenyang Normal University.There were 62 tree species and 18 species belonged to rose family.Dominant tree species in the study area were Ginkgo biloba,Sophora japonica,Robinia pseudoacacia,Phellodendron amurense,Ailanthus altissima,Gleditsia japonica,Pinus sylvestris,Populus alba var.pyramidalis,Sorbus pohuashanensis,Acer truncatum.Larger number of Pyrus bretschneideri,Sophora japonica and Populus alba var.pyramidalis existed in the east living quarters.Dominant species were Catalpa ovata and Populus alba var.pyramidalis in the south living quarters as well as Populus alba Berolinensis and Populus alba var.pyramidalis in the north living quarters.There were 32 shrub species and 9 species belonged to rose family.3 vine species belonged to Vitaceae family.23 herbal species were used as ground cover and 6 species were gramineous plants and Poa pratensis was the dominant species.On the credit side,there were abundant species in the greening system.Leaf,flower and fruit effect plants were arranged reasonablely.Some rare plants were used.Some plants were planted in large-scale and presented very good visual effect.There was a very special greening space that plants grew naturally on the small hill in the campus.On the other hand,there were some problems.The proportion of poplar was too high and cypress was planted near pear trees which led to serious rust disease.The application and collocation of plants should consider the principals of botany,plant ecology,plant physiology,geography of landscape,esthetics and economics level to get the biggest ecological and cultural effect.