磷肥对日光温室番茄磷营养和产量及土壤酶活性的影响

采用盆栽方法进行了不同施磷（P2O5）水平下，日光温室番茄产量、不同生育期番茄磷素分配、干物质积累、土壤速效磷含量和酶活性研究，并确定了适宜番茄生长的最佳施磷量与土壤速效磷含量。结果表明，随着磷肥施用量的增加，土壤速效磷含量及番茄各组织含磷量相应增加；当施用P2O5达到0.53 g/kg（处理5），土壤速效磷含量在60～77 mg/kg时，较适宜番茄生长，番茄产量和单果重达最高，根系和茎叶干物质积累也达到最好水平。当施磷量超过0.53 g/kg时，造成土壤和植株磷累积过高，易引起土壤盐害，降低土壤酶活性，从而降低干物质积累和番茄产量，影响土壤的可持续利用。

Effect of phosphorus fertilization on tomato phosporous nutrition,yield and soil enzyme activities

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important macronutrient elements for plant growth. High residual P in greenhouse soils was frequently found because P is relatively insoluble and has a long residence time in the soil. In order to find an optimal level of soil available phosphorus for tomato production, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphorus (P₂O₅) on tomato yield, phosphorus partitioning in different organs of tomato, dry matter accumulation, soil available P and enzyme activities. The results showed that with the increase of P application rate, the content of available P in soil and P content in all organs of tomato significantly increased. The tomato yield, signal fruit weight and dry matter accumulation reached maximum when P₂O₅ were 0.53 g/kg. The optimal content of soil available P was 60-77 mg/kg for tomato production. Excessive P application (>0.53 g/kg) caused a high accumulated P in soil and plant, resulting in the salt toxicity, low soil enzyme activities, declined dry matter and low tomato yield.