制度有效性检验:基于实验经济学的一个综述

长期以来，制度有效性的检验问题一直制约着制度经济学的发展，而近期实验经济学中大量的机制设计实验为其提供了一种新的检验手段。通过实验经济学中公共物品自愿捐赠机制对有关正式制度与非正式制度的比较研究，同时梳理相应文献，其文献大致可分为两类：外生制度静态比较与内生制度研究。外生制度的静态比较是指在可控制条件下检验不同制度的有效性，着眼于比较不同制度下的贡献度以及社会福利等问题；而内生制度则扩展了有效性检验，人们可以通过选择不同的制度或治理结构来约束其行为，进而检验制度的稳定性。实验方法弥补了主流经验研究中不能对制度进行有效性检验这一不足，为研究制度经济学提供了一条新的思路。

Validity Test of Governance Institutions: a Literature Review Based on Experimental Economics

For a long time, testing the validity of governance institutions has been restricting the development of institutional economics. However, there is a new method to solve this problems-- using mechanism design to test the validity of institutions. Through a review of relevant literature, we mainly focus on the role of voluntary contribution mechanism in comparing formal institutions and informal institutions. Relevant literature can be divided into two categories--static comparison of exogenous institutions and research on endogenous institutions. The former refers to testing the effectiveness of different institutions under controlled conditions and mainly concerns comparing people''s contribution of different institutions, social welfare and so on. The latter extends the validity test, meaning that people can govern themselves by choosing various institutions and then the validity test can be done based on it. Using experimental methods remedies the inadequacy that the mainstream empirical research fails to test the validity of governance institutions and also provides a new approach to studying institutional economics.