不同年代冬小麦品种产量性状和生理生态指标差异分析

以河北省30多年来不同年代广泛种植、有代表性的冬小麦品种为供试材料,通过分析其产量、产量构成因素及生理生态指标,研究了冬小麦品种更新的变化规律。结果表明:随着品种更替,冬小麦产量水平显著提高;单位面积上粒数的增加对产量提高起主要作用;穗粒数和千粒重在不同年代间没有显著变化,对产量提高所做的贡献并不明显;产量与收获指数呈显著正相关,收获指数的提高主要依赖于株高的降低;20世纪90年代以后,冬小麦地上部分生物学产量没有随株高的降低而减少;品种更新对蜡质含量、SPAD值、叶水势的影响不明显;不同年代冬小麦品种的比叶重和灰分含量差异显著,其中灰分含量与产量存在相关性。

Analysis of yield components, physiological and agronomic characters of different cultivars of winter wheat bred during different ages

A study was conducted to compare the performance of typical winter wheat cultivars certificated from the 1970s and latter,and now widely grown in the Hebei plain.The results show that,when all the cultivars from different ages are grown under the same conditions with adequate water and fertilizer supply,the new cultivars produce higher yield than the old ones.The unit area kernel numbers have a significant positive relationship with yield improvement.Kernel numbers per spike and 1000-grain weight do not change much between the old and new cultivars,and no significant relations exit between the two and yield increase.Harvest index is positively related to yield increase.It is observed that modern cultivars have higher harvest index and lower plant height than those of the old cultivars.Above-ground biomass of the cultivars developed after the 1990s dose not decrease with shortening plant height.Not much differences in wax content,SPAD value,and leaf water potential exist,but differences in specific leaf weight and ash contents are significant between the old and modern cultivars,and leaf ash content correlates with grain yield.