金沙江干热河谷同一群落不同生活型植物叶片解剖结构差异分析

选取攀枝花苏铁保护区内立地条件相似的阳坡地段，采集17种植物的成熟叶片，用石蜡切片法比较叶片解剖结构，运用聚类分析对供试植物叶片解剖结构进行差异性分析。结果显示：叶片各解剖性状在物种间存在差异。上表皮细胞厚度、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和角质层厚度等性状变异系数均大于50%，可能属于生态适应性状；而下表皮细胞厚度、栅海比、叶片组织结构紧密度和叶片组织结构疏松度等性状变异系数较小，可能属于系统演化性状。系统聚类分析结果显示，17种植物聚为4类，第Ⅰ类群为攀枝花苏铁，主要特征为无海绵组织分化，叶片厚度与上下表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织厚度、角质层厚度平均值最大，第Ⅱ类群为沙针，主要特征为无海绵组织分化，叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、角质层厚度平均值较大，第Ⅲ类群的树种叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、叶片组织结构紧密度平均值则在4个类群中最小，第Ⅳ类群各指标平均值处于居中水平。叶片解剖结构上的差异性是不同植物对环境的分异与趋同适应性的表现结果，在一定程度上也反映了干热河谷同一群落内的不同树种有可能分别处于演替的不同阶段。

Analysis of Leaf Anatomical Structure Differences Among Different Living Plants in the Same Community in the Dry-Hot Valley of Jinshajiang

The mature leaves of 17 plants were collected from sunny slopes in the same sites in Panzhihua Cycas National Nature Reserve. The anatomical structures of the leaves were compared by paraffin section methods and the differences were analyzed by cluster analysis. The result show that the anatomic structures of 17 species exist significant difference. The coefficient of variation of upper epidermal cell thickness, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness and stratum corneum thickness were all greater than 50%, which may belong to ecological adaptation traits. The coefficient of variation of traits such as epidermal cell thickness, gate-sea ratio, leaf tissue tightness and leaf tissue structure looseness is small, which may belong to the system evolution trait. Clustering analysis showed that 17 species are clustered into 4 main groups. Group Ⅰ consists of Cycas panzhihuaensis, which are featured by no sponge tissue differentiation, the average of leaf thickness, epidermal thickness, palisade tissue thickness and cuticle thickness are maximum among four groups. Group Ⅱ consists of Osyris wightiana, featured by non-sponge tissue differentiation, the average of leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness and cuticle thickness are larger than the other 2 groups. Group Ⅲ has the least ratio in the leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness and cell tense ratio. The average measurements data of GroupⅣ are in the middle level. Differences in anatomical structures of leaves showed the differentiation and convergence of different plants to the environment and to some extent reflected the different species at the same community of dry-hot valley may be in different stages of succession respectively.