种子不同处理方法对漆树幼苗生长的影响

在沙坝落叶松/云杉国家林木良种基地，通过对漆树种子进行处理，分析98%浓硫酸、高温高碱、高温处理、机械处理、漆树子带壳沙藏、只催芽不做除蜡6种不同种子处理对漆树播种育苗出苗、苗木生长和质量的影响。结果表明：不同处理后的漆树种子出苗期不同，且出苗率、地径、苗高、地径/苗高差异显著。用98%浓硫酸处理的种子播种9 d后开始出苗，23 d左右出苗结束，出苗率为74.99%；其次是用高温+3%食用碱溶液处理的漆树种子，播种11 d开始出苗，出苗期25 d，出苗率71.56%；带外果皮或不做除蜡处理的种子延续到第2年还有零星出苗，出苗率分别为12.92%和13.29%。98%浓硫酸处理漆树种子播种苗地径、苗高最大，高温+3%食用碱溶液处理漆树种子播种苗地径、苗高次之，2种种子处理方法播种苗的地径、苗高分别为(5.52 ± 0.73) mm、(62.99 ± 7.71) cm和(5.48 ± 0.308) mm、(59.93 ± 4.02) cm。98%浓硫酸和高温+3%食用碱溶液处理的种子，播种苗地径、苗高频数分布呈正太分布。生产中漆树育苗种子除蜡使用＞85 ℃水+3%食用碱溶液处理，也能达到与使用98%浓硫酸一样的效果，市场容易获得，又不污染环境。

Effects of Different Seed Treatment on Seedling Growth of Toxicodendron vernicifluum

The seeds of Toxicodendron vernicifluum were treated in national base of improved tree varieties for Larix gmelinii/Picea asperata in Shaba. The effects of 6 seed treatments including 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, high alkali at high temperature, high temperature treatment, mechanical treatment, T.vernicifluum seed shell sand storage, and no dewaxing treatment on the seedling, seedling growth and quality of T.vernicifluum were studied. The results showed: The seeds of T.vernicifluum after different treatments have different seedling stages. Moreover, there were significant differences in seedling emergence rate, ground diameter, seedling height, and ground diameter/seedling height ratio. After sowing seeds treated with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 9 d, seedling began to emerge, and about 23 d seedling ended, the seedling emergence rate was 74.99%. Secondly, T.vernicifluum seeds treated with high temperature and more than 3% edible alkali solution started to sprout after being sown for 11 d, and the seedling period was 25 d, with an emergence rate of 71.56%. Seeds with exocarp or without dewaxing continued to emerge sporadically until year 2, with emergence rates of 12.92% and 13.29%.The seedling diameter and seedling height of lacquer tree seeds seeded with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid were the largest, while the seedling diameter and seedling height of T.vernicifluum seeds were treated with high temperature +3% edible alkali solution. The ground diameter and seedling height of the 2 seeds treated were respectively: (5.52 ± 0.73) mm, (62.99 ± 7.71) cm and (5.48 ± 0.308) mm, (59.93 ± 4.02) cm. The seeds treated with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and high temperature +3% edible alkali solution showed positive and excessive distribution of ground diameter and high frequency. In the production of sumac seedling seed > 85 ℃ water dewaxing used +3% edible alkali treatment, also can achieve the same effect as using 98% sulfuric acid, easy access to market, and does not pollute the environment.