基于能量异构双簇头路由算法的水稻田无线传感器网络

针对无线传感器网络分簇结构中簇头节点能量消耗过快而容易死亡的问题，提出了一种适合于水稻田监测的混合天线组网通信的能量异构双簇头分簇路由算法。首先估算全网平均剩余能量确定阈值，根据阈值选择主簇头；然后依据节点向主簇头节点发送应答信号强弱的原则，确定簇成员节点；最后，按照簇内成员节点剩余能量大小，选择一个副簇头。副簇头负责收集并融合簇内其他成员节点的数据，从而减轻主簇头的能量消耗，降低主簇头的死亡概率。采用能量异构网络对本算法进行仿真，网络节点初始总能量的平均值与同构网络节点初始能量相等，结果显示，该算法异构网络相对于LEACH (low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) 算法同构网络的稳定周期延长了12.1%。采用无线通信模块nRF905射频芯片和TDJ-0825BKM1定向天线，在水稻田进行混合天线通信试验，测试了定向天线水平覆盖范围；在此基础上的网络模拟试验结果表明，基于该算法的通信网络稳定周期比值相比于LEACH、LEACH-E (LEACH-energy adaptive and uneven cluster)、DEEC (design of energy efficient clustering)、EADC (energy aware data-gathering cluster-heads) 4种算法分别提高了46%、47%、58%、11%。该研究可为大面积水稻田无线传感器网络组网进行环境参数实时监测提供理论参考。

Experiment on wireless sensors network based on double cluster head clustering routing algorithm of energy heterogeneous in paddy field

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the cluster head nodes died beforehand because of the exhaustion of energy in the cluster structure of at wireless sensor network, an energy-heterogeneous double cluster head routing algorithm (EHDCA) was proposed, which was suitable for a hybrid antenna networking communication test in the field. First, the threshold value was determined through evaluating the average remaining energy of the whole network, which was intended for selecting the main cluster head nodes (MCH). Then, the rest of the nodes in a cluster were chosen according to acknowledged signal strength acquired from other nodes' response to MCH. Lastly, a node that had the maximum energy in the cluster was selected to be the vice cluster head node (VCH). The VCH was responsible for collecting and fusing the data of member nodes. It shared energy consumption of the MCH and decreased the death probability of MCH. EHDCA was simulated in an energy-heterogeneous network, in which the average node energy was equal to that of homogeneous network where all nodes energy was kept the same in balance. Simulation results showed, compared to LEACH in an energy-homogeneous network, that the network stable period increased by 12.1% respectively in an energy-heterogeneous network. Directional antenna (model: TDJ-0825BKM1) associated with omni-directional antenna were applied for conducting hybrid antenna communication research in field while the wireless communication module used an RF905 RF chip to test the coverage of a directional horizontal antenna. Network simulation on the basis of the coverage of a directional horizontal antenna results showed that, compared to LEACH, LEACH-E, DEEC and EADC, the network stable period ratio was increased by 46%, 47%, 58%, and 11%.