转基因产品可追溯管理及溯源技术研究进展

家畜生产链中的转基因技术作为改善农业技术,提高农业经济效益的新技术,是21世纪不可回避的并需要积极应对的技术领域。鉴于转基因食品、动物饲料及其动物产品的安全与风险并存,本文阐述了转基因生物及转基因动物的概念内涵,总结了世界各国及其消费者对转基因技术及其产品的接受态度,其中欧盟对于GM食品、饲料及GM动物的开发持谨慎的态度,在相关标识及立法上起步早,并随着技术进步不断完善立法。对于食品和饲料的GM的标识阈值欧盟为0.9%,澳大利亚和新西兰则为1%,日本与韩国则对此标识未作要求,美国、加拿大和阿根廷等则对GM产品标识采取自愿的方法,而我国目前的相关立法着重于对转基因产品安全审批,但对终端产品管理和标识尚无界定。其次,本文总结了中国在转基因动物溯源技术方面所开展的工作,一是基本构建了基于基因改良的转基因动物数据库及溯源网络平台(www.gmanimal.com.cn);二是提出了转基因动物产品溯源的全程标识技术路线;三是使用Net及网络数据库技术开发了转基因动物(猪)及其产品全程溯源模式系统,可实现从是否使用转基因饲料和(或)使用转基因动物及其产品生产的正向跟踪及方向溯源,为满足政府的监管及消费者的知情权和选择权在技术上做好了储备。

Advances on Traceability Management and Tracing Technologies of GM Products

As a new technology to improve agricultural technology and to raise agricultural production efficiency, GM technology from livestock production chain is an inevitable technosphere and it should be actively responded. In view of the coexist of safety and risk of GM food, animal feed and animal products, this paper expounded the concepts of GM organisms and GM animal, and summarized the attitudes of countries around the world and its consumers to GM technology together with its products. Among of this, the European Union(EU) shows prudent attitude to the development of GM food, animal feed and GM animal. EU startes early in terms of relevant identification and legislation and constantly improves the legislation following the progress of relevant technologies. EU claims the GM modified threshold of food and feed is 0.9%, while Australia and New Zealand are 1%. However, Japan and Korea show no request. The United States, Canada and Argentina adapt voluntarily to the identification of GM products. The current legislation of China focuses on the safety assessment of GM products, but they do not define the management and identification to the final products. Otherwise, this paper summarized all the work carried out in transgenic animal traceability in China as following: The first, transgenic animal database based on genetic modification and traceability network platform(www.gmanimal.com.cn) have been constructed basically. Secondly, the whole technical route of identification of transgenic animal product traceability is proposed. Thirdly, the model system of transgenic animals (pig) and their product traceability is developed by using net and network database technologies, and can realize whether genetically modified feeds and (or) genetically modified animals and their products tracking from origin to table and tracing against the above direction, and it is got ready to fulfill government’s regulation and consumer’s right to know and to choice what they want from technologies.