中国沙皮犬种群遗传现状的初步分析

中国沙皮犬是原产于我国广东省佛山市南海区大沥镇的一种世界名犬。目前,原产地中国沙皮犬数量极少,且种质极为混乱。为了保护这种面临灭绝的珍贵品种资源,本研究首次从分子水平分析了原产地沙皮犬种群的遗传背景。提取了92只沙皮犬的血液DNA,进行了随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析。筛选出12个重复性、多态性好的随机引物,共扩增出70个位点,分子量在250~2 000 bp之间,种群共享带数为6条,多态性高达91.42%,表明沙皮犬群体存在较丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析结果表明:绝大部分骨嘴沙皮犬和肉嘴沙皮犬分别聚在一块,与其各自的外部形态特征基本相符。骨肉嘴沙皮犬和肉嘴沙皮犬的遗传距离比骨肉嘴沙皮犬和骨嘴沙皮犬的遗传距离相对近些,从分子水平为沙皮犬各类型的保种和繁育生产提供了新的指导。

A Preliminary Analysis of Genetic Background of Chinese Shar-pei

Chinese Shar-pei is one of world famous dog breeds,which originated from Dali Town,Nanhai District,Foshan City,Guangdong Province,China.Presently,the genetic resource of Chinese Shar-pei dog is very scarce.To conserve this precious breed more effectively,this study analysed the genetic background of the Shar-pei dog by using the RAPD method.For blood DNA samples of 92 dogs,12 random primers were selected from totally 145 primers.The results showed that 12 primers produced 70 bands,with molecular weight ranging from 250 to 2000 bp.The shared bands was 6 with a polymorphism rate of 91.42%,which showed high genetic diversity of the Chinese Shar-pei breed.The genetic distance and clustering analysis showed that the bone-mouth and meat-mouth animals were grouped according to the appearance of two types of dogs,which supplied theoretical basis for the sub-classification,reproduction and breeding of this dog breed.