贫困山区农业可持续发展的问题与对策——以攀西川南山区为例

山区是我国农村贫困的高发区 ,居住着 76%的低收入人口。山区农业是低收入人口的生计来源和生存保障。由于山地的“自然屏障”阻隔 ,山区农业生产方式粗放原始 ,生产手段落后 ,集约化程度低 ,生产者素质低等 ,这使贫困山区农业发展陷入低水平的均衡。但山区又具有生物多样性丰富、特色产品地域性强、生态环境良好等发展可持续农业的优势 ,使山区成为我国特色农业和绿色食品生产的极佳基地。笔者以四川省彝族贫困人口最集中的攀西川南为研究区 ,探讨该区域农业发展面临的问题和优势 ,提出实现该区域农业持续发展的创新对策。包括 :保护农业生态环境 ,合理开发农业后备资源 ;加大国家对贫困地区农业基础设施建设的投入力度 ,提高农业抗风险能力 ;加强农村人才队伍建设 ,控制人口数量 ,提高农村人口质量 ;利用政策的导向作用 ,发展特色农业资源产业。

Problem and Countermeasure of the Sustaining Development in Poverty Mountain

Mountain is the high poverty incidence area, where 76% of the lower income population lives in. Agriculture is the subsistence of these lower income persons. Due to natural barrier of the mountain, agriculture in the mountain area is strongly featured with the characteristics of lower productivity, efficiency and inputs, added to the high illiterate rate of human being. Therefore, it is in the cycle of low efficiency balance. On the other hand, mountain is rich in biodiversity, specific products and better environment, which makes it become the suited center for green food. Taking southern Sichuan as a case study and ob the base of the exploring strength and weakness of the agriculture, in this article four measurements to support the sustainable development were raised. firstly, to preserve the agriculture environment and to explore the agriculture resources with reason; secondly, to enlarge the national investment on agricultural infrastructure and to enhance the ability of agricultural productivity; thirdly, to control human population and to enhance the population quality;and finally, basing on the related policy, to develop the specific agriculture industry.