3个粒重基因在青海高原春小麦品种中的分布

为了解青海高原地区春小麦品种中粒重基因的分布情况，采用KASP标记检测3个粒重基因（ TaCwi-A1、 TaGW2-6A和 TaTGW6-4A）等位变异在青海高原地区主栽的49个小麦品种中的分布，并结合千粒重表型，分析不同等位变异组合对小麦粒重的影响，探索最优基因型。结果显示，49个品种的千粒重在不同年度均存在显著差异； TaCwi-A1位点存在 TaCwi-A1a和 TaCwi-A1b两种等位变异，分布频率分别为69.39%和30.61%； TaGW2-6A位点存在 Hap-6A-A和 Hap-6A-B两种等位变异，分布频率分别为46.94%和53.06%； TaTGW6-4A位点存在 TaTGW6-4Aa和 TaTGW6-4Ab两种等位变异，分布频率分别为97.96%和2.04%。 TaCwi-A1、 TaGW2-6A和 TaTGW6-4A位点的不同等位变异均会导致小麦千粒重发生显著变化，其中， TaCwi-A1位点的等位变异对小麦千粒重影响较为重要。49个小麦品种中， TaCwi-A1a/ Hap-6A-A/ TaTGW-6-4Aa等位变异组合类型的品种的分布频率为32.65%，其千粒重最高，显著高于其他等位变异组合类型的品种，是青海高原地区优异的基因型组合。

Distribution of Three Grain Weight Genes in Qinghai Plateau Spring Wheat Cultivars

In order to clarifying the distribution of grain weight genes in Qinghai plateau cultivars. In this study,KASP marker was used to detect the distribution of allelic variants of the three grain weight genes( TaCwi-A1, TaTGW6-4A and TaGW2-6A) in 49 wheat cultivars in the Qinghai Plateau over the years,The thousand-grain weight (TGW) was investigated to analyze the influence of different allelic variation combinations on wheat grain weight,and the best genotype combination was explored. The results showed that there were significant differences of TGW among the 49 wheat cultivars in different years. At the TaGW2-6A locus, TaCwi-A1a and TaCwi-A1b allelic variations were detected,and their distribution frequencies were 69.39% and 30.61%,respectively. At the TaTGW2-6A locus, Hap-6A-A and Hap-6A-B allelic variations were detected,and their distribution frequencies were 46.94% and 53.06%,respectively. At the TaTGW6-4A locus, TaTGW6-4Aa and TaTGW6-4Ab allelic variations were detected,and their distribution frequencies were 97.96% and 2.04%,respectively. The different allelic variations of TaCwi-A1, TaGW2-6A and TaTGW6-4A loci caused significant changes in TGW of wheat. Among them,the allelic variation of TaCwi-A1 locus has a more important influence on TGW. Among the 49 wheat cultivars,the distribution frequency of TaCwi-A1a/ Hap-6A-A/ TaTGW6-4Aa genotype was 32.65%,with the highest average of TGW,which was significantly higher than other genotypes. Therefore,the TaCwi-A1a/ Hap-6A-A/ TaTGW6-4Aa genotype is the more preponderant genotype combination.