春化及光周期基因的等位变异对小麦主要农艺性状及产量的影响

为了解春化及光周期基因对小麦生育期、农艺性状及产量的影响，以田间种植的253份国内外小麦品种(系)为材料，利用分子标记检测其春化基因(Vrn-1)和光周期基因( Ppd-D1)的等位变异，记录其抽穗期、开花期，在灌浆中期调查其株高、成穗数等农艺性状，收获后调查其产量性状。结果表明，供试材料中包含13种春化和光周期基因等位变异组合类型，其中含有 vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1+Ppd-D1a组合的材料最多，占59.68%; Vrn-1+Ppd-D1a组合可显著缩短小麦播种至开花所需的时间。含有 Vrn-A1a或 Vrn-B1材料的成穗数显著多于含有 Vrn-D1或 vrn-1的材料，但含有 Vrn-1不同等位变异的材料间产量无显著差异；含有 Vrn-A1a材料的旗叶长而窄。与含有 Ppd-D1b的小麦材料相比，含有 Ppd-D1a的材料开花期显著提前，且株高降低，同时穗下茎长、旗叶长和倒二叶长均显著缩短。综上，春化及光周期基因在影响小麦抽穗开花期的同时，对农艺性状和产量也有重要影响；含有 Vrn-D1+ Ppd-D1a组合的小麦材料在生育期稳定性、产量等性状上均表现优异，在育种...

Effect of Allelic Variations of Vernalization and Photoperiod Genes on Important Agronomic Traits and Yield in Bread Wheat

In order to understand the effect of the allelic variations of vernalization(Vrn-1) and photoperiod(Ppd-1) genes on growth stage, agronomic traits and yield, 253 wheat varieties(lines) were used in this study. Allelic variations of Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 genes were detected by STS markers, and the heading stage and flowering stage, agronomic traits at middle filling stage, and yield at mature stage were investigated. The results showed that there were 13 allelic variation combination types of Vrn-1 and Ppd-D1 genes in the 253 wheat materials, and the combination of vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1+ Ppd-D1a accounted for the largest proportion(59.68%). The combination of Vrn-1+Ppd-D1a could significantly shortened the time from sowing to flowering. Vrn-A1a or Vrn-B1 could significantly increased the effective tiller number, compared with Vrn-D1 or vrn-1, and there was no significant difference in yield among materials with different allelic variations of Vrn-1. The leaves of the materials with Vrn-A1a were longer and narrower. Compared with the materials with Ppd-D1b, the materials with Ppd-D1a had earlier flowering time, lower plant height and shorter peduncle length, flag leaf length and second leaf length. In summary, allelic variations of vernalization and photoperiod genes not only affected the growth period, but also had important effects on important agronomic traits and yield. The materials carrying the combinations of Vrn-D1+Ppd-D1a showed excellent performance in stability of growth period, yield and other traits, and could be perferred in breeding.