劳动力成本上升背景下油菜生产发展方式转型研究

利用1985—2012年《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》调查数据,采用超越对数生产函数模型,从要素产出弹性和替代弹性视角,分析劳动力成本背景下油菜主产区要素投入结构变化对油菜生产的影响。结果表明:1)我国油菜生产投入的要素禀赋结构发生深刻变化,传统"过密型"农业生产方式正在转变,越来越倾向于机械等资本要素代替劳动和"去内卷化",跳出"没有发展的增长"。2)生产投入各要素的产出弹性虽差异较大,但机械投入对油菜产量增加的贡献值在迅速变大,重要性逐渐突显。3)生产投入要素间存在一定的替代效应,特别是机械和中间投入对劳动的替代效应十分明显。此外,地区间要素替代弹性差异明显,东中部地区要素替代弹性值始终高于西部地区,这主要是由于地区间自然资源、经济条件存在显著差异。

Research on the transformation of rape production mode as the growth of labor cost

Based on the data of National Cost and Income of Agricultural Products Compilations during 1985-2012,in the view of the output elasticity and substitution elasticity of elements perspective,Translog model was applied into the analysis of the impact of production factor input on rape production as the growth of the labor cost.The results are as follows:Firstly,the endowment structure of rape production inputs has changed profoundly.The agricultural production mode was changing rapidly from the traditional involution growth mode to the labor saving mode,and escaped from the trap of "only growth without development".Secondly,output elasticity of input factors varied widely in China''s rape production,while the mechanical inputs played an important role in rapid increase of rapeseed production.Thirdly,there were some substitution effects among elements,especially the obvious substitution effect between machinery inputs and intermediate inputs.In addition,the substitution elasticity value of eastern and central regions of China were always higher than that of western region,which would be caused by the significant differences in regional natural resources and economic conditions.