谷子秸秆水浸提液对下茬冬小麦苗期化感作用的影响

近年来谷子产业化发展迅速,经济效益高,种植面积逐年扩大。因谷子连作造成严重减产和品质下降的主要原因在于谷子分泌的化感物质对自身有抑制作用。本试验采用完全随机设计,研究不同品种谷子的不同部位的水浸提液对小麦种子萌发及盆栽苗期生长的影响。结果表明:以不同品种、植株部位和提取液浓度的谷子水浸提液处理时,随着水浸提液浓度的升高,小麦种子萌发的根长和芽长比对照明显变短,抑制作用差异显著;谷子茎秆和叶片水浸提液处理下,小麦苗期叶绿素荧光参数Y(II)的走势基本相同,稀释10倍和50倍液处理下实际光化学量子产量Y(II)较高,光合电子传递速率(ETR)伴随着处理浓度的降低呈现先增加后降低的趋势,光系统II最大光合效率(Fv/Fm)呈现先降低后略微上升的趋势,3个参数均表明茎秆水浸提液对小麦的化感作用要强于叶片;小麦苗期叶片SOD和POD酶活性均表现为先下降后上升的趋势。谷子秸秆残留的化感物质在适当浓度下会对小麦的生长起到促进作用。

Allelopathic effects of water extracts from foxtail millet straw on winter wheat seedlings

Foxtail millet industrialization has developed rapidly in recent years.Its planting area kept expanding year by year in China due to high economic profit.However,the allelochemicals exuded by foxtail millet plant can inhibit the growth of itself continuous cropping lead to both yield and quality losses severely.To investigate the effects of foxtail millet water extracts on seed germination and growth of winter wheat, extracts from different varieties,parts and concentrations were used to treat winter wheat seeds and seedlings with completely randomized experiment design.The result showed that the growth of root and bud were significantly inhibited by the extracts foxtail millet,the higher the concentration of extracts the shorter the length of root and bud of winter seedlings.The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Y(II) of wheat seedling treated with foxtail millet stem and leaf water extract displayed similar trend.Ten and fifty times diluted extracted to a high actual photochemical high quantum yield Y(II).The photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) was increased at first and then decreased with the reducing of extract concentration.The optical system II maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the SOD and POD activity were just opposite.The foxtail millet stems water extract displayed greater allelopathy function than that of leaf,represented by indexes of these three parameters.These results above suggested that the residual allelochemicals of foxtail millet straw could promote the growth of wheat at an appropriate concentration.