摩尔多瓦葡萄日光温室延迟栽培关键技术

为探索葡萄延迟栽培技术,以半地下式日光温室内2年生摩尔多瓦葡萄为试材,系统地研究推迟萌芽+延迟采收+挂树贮藏综合措施的延迟栽培效果。结果表明:在河北省阳原地区,摩尔多瓦葡萄可推迟至5月上旬萌芽,8月20日果粒开始着色,10月21日成熟,成熟后可挂树贮藏至元旦。浆果采收期比露地延迟50~120d,上市期为10月下旬至元旦。延迟采收前40d内,果粒体积和果粒重逐渐增大,可溶性固形物含量继续升高,酸含量、硬度降低,果皮变薄,颜色由蓝黑色变为黑色,口感多汁、浓甜和酸味消失;40d后,可溶性固形物含量继续升高,粒重开始下降,可滴定酸含量变化不大。利用春季夜间低温推迟葡萄萌芽期、秋冬季保温延迟采收和落叶后挂树贮藏3项关键技术措施,可使北方日光温室摩尔多瓦葡萄比露地栽培推迟50~120d上市,为11月至元旦市场和冬季观光采摘市场提供优质新鲜葡萄。

Study on the key techniques for delayed culture with Moldova Grape in the greenhouse

In order to explore the delayed cultivation techniques of grape,two years old Moldova Grapes planted in a semi-underground solar-greenhouse were used as materials to study the comprehensive effects of delayed germination,delayed harvest and tree-hanging storage techniques.The results showed that,the germination stage of Moldova Grape was delayed until early May,berries started coloring on August 20th and got ripening on October 21,and the berry can be remained on the tree until New Year''s Day in Yang Yuan county,Hebei province.The harvesting time of delayed culture was 50-120 days later than the open field culture;the time to the market was postponed to late October or until the New Year.In the first 40 days of delayed harvesting period,the berry''s weight,size and TSS increased,TA and fitness decreased,berry skin became thin,skin color changed from blue black to dark black,flavor became juicy and sweet and sour flavor disappeared;After 40 days,the TSS still increased,berry size and weight decreased rapidly,TA content did not changed significantly.The delayed culture of grape can make the marketing time of Moldova grapes planted in a solar greenhouse postponed to 50-120 days by using the low spring temperature to delay bud break,in autumn and winter delayed harvest and tree-hanging storage.It can provide high quality and fresh grape for winter picking tourism from November to the New Year''s Day.