家畜行为与生产及遗传的关系

家畜是在人为或者半人为条件下,经过千百年驯化驯养而形成的动物品种或品系,其特色为满足人类要求而带有人们喜好的烙印。但自然选择和人工选择的结果(尽管大多数家畜都是人工选择的产物)仍然使得世界上家畜种类繁多,形态、构造千差万别,同时也构成了家畜行为的丰富多彩,千姿百态。家畜行为与生产、遗传之间究竟关系如何?这些问题既是家畜行为学的重要研究课题,也是长期存在争论、现在仍未形成一致意见的问题。笔者就家畜本能行为与习得行为、家畜行为对生产的影响以及如何利用行为改良生产性状、家畜行为的群体遗传及分子遗传研究进展等问题展开综述,并就上述问题研究前景等进行阐述,以期为我国畜禽行为学研究提供基础资料与借鉴。

Relationship of livestock behavior with production and genetics

Livestock belongs to the family of animal breeds or strains and is handled or domesticated under the condition of artificial or half artificial after thousands of years which formed its characteristics to meet the requirements of human beings and with people who are fond of.But the result of natural selection and artificial selection (though most of the animals come from artificial selection) is that there are many different kinds of animals in the world, and the morphology and structure differ in many ways, which also constitutes the ample and colorful animal behavior at the same time.What is the relationship between animal behavior and production or genetic? These problems are not only the important research topics for animal behavior, but also long-standing debated issues which still not form consensus opinions.In this paper, some issues were reviewed, including the types of livestock behavior, the relationship between animal innate behavior and acquired behavior, the effect of animal behavior on production and how to improve the animal production with animal behavior, and the development of animal behavior population genetics and molecular genetics.Also the foreground research of animal behavior was discussed to supply the basic information and data for the animal behavior research in China.