我国玉米地方种质的单倍体诱导和加倍特性研究

双单倍体(doubled haploid,DH)育种技术具有加速育种进程的突出优势,已成为玉米育种关键性核心技术并在国外广泛应用.本试验选用47份玉米地方种质,进行单倍体诱导和单倍体加倍特性研究.结果表明,47份玉米地方种质材料之间杂交诱导的拟单倍体率有显著差异,介于1.64％～14.50％之间,平均为5.95％.种植12份玉米地方种质的拟单倍体籽粒进行田间鉴定,标记鉴定准确率介于40.2％～82.3％之间,校正单倍体诱导率介于2.33％～6.45％之间,表明玉米遗传背景影响到籽粒标记的表达,单倍体诱导率有明显差异.将15份玉米地方种质拟单倍体于冬季在海南田间种植,加倍授粉株率介于2.7％～27.2％之间,加倍结实株率介于0.7％～8.9％.说明我国玉米地方种质的遗传多样性丰富,单倍体诱导率和加倍率具有明显差异,利用DH育种技术可以拓宽和加强我国玉米地方种质在玉米育种中的利用.

Study on the Induced and Doubled Properties of Maize Landraces in China

The doubled haploid(DH) technology has been used widely in maize breeding,due to its advantage of immediate homozygosity to accelerate breeding progress.In this paper,47 Chinese maize landraces were used to study the induced and doubled properties.The result showed that the imitate haploid induction rate (HIR) was 1.64％-14.50％ among 47 maize landraces,the average haploid induction rate was 5.95 ％.After planting and identifying,the corrected HIR were 2.33％-6.45 ％,the accuracy of kernel marker indentified was 40.2％-82.3％ among 12 maize landraces.In winter,15 maize landraces were planted in Hainan province,the pollinated plant rates was 2.7％-27.2％,the doubled plant rates was 0.7％-8.9％.The above result indicated that haploid induction rate and haploid doubled rate was significant among Chinese maize landraces.By applying the DH technology,use of the maize landrace will be broadening and enhancing in maize breeding.