云南地方稻种资源核心种质的微卫星分析

摘要：以来自云南地方稻(Oryza sativa L.)种资源核心种质中的113份材料为研究对象，运用36对微卫星引物，研究了籼(indica )粳( japonica )两个亚种间和云南5个稻作生态区间的遗传多样性分布趋势，并筛选了籼粳亚种、水陆生态型和不同生态区的特异指纹标记。结果表明，粳稻的遗传多样性大于籼稻，遗传分化水平较低；而5个生态区中滇西南水陆稻区遗传多样性最大，遗传分化水平较低；滇东北高原粳稻区的遗传多样性最小。这种遗传多样性的分布趋势与前人在形态和同工酶水平上对云南稻种资源多样性的考察，以及云南地方稻种资源核心种质在形态和同工酶水平上的遗传多样性分布趋势基本一致。另外，在所出现的416个指纹标记中，分别发现籼粳特异指纹标记6个，水陆特异指纹标记15个，不同生态区特异指纹标记3个。初步认为，云南地方稻种资源核心种质代表了云南省地方稻种资源的遗传多样性；从DNA水平上看，云南地方稻种资源的遗传多样性中心在云南省的西南部，粳稻的分化水平低于籼稻。微卫星标记是种质资源遗传多样性检测、分类和生态型确认以及核心种质研究中有用的工具。

Microsatellite Analysis of Landrace Rice Core Collection in Yunnan, China

Abstract: The distribution of genetic diversity between Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica and O. sativa L. ssp. japonica covered different ecological zones in Yunnan was Studied, and the specific markers of indica /japonica subspecies, paddy/upland rice and different ecological zones were screened, using 36 microsatellite primers and 113 accessions in Yunnan landrace rice core collection. The results showed that the genetic diversity of japonica was higher than that of indica , and the ecological zone with the highest and smallest genetic diversity lay in Southeast and Northeast of Yunnan respectively. This distribution was consistent with the results of the studies on whole Yunnan rice resources and core collection at morphological and isozyme levels. In addition, the results showed that, among 416 markers, there were 6indica /japonica-specific markers, 15 specific markers in paddy/upland and 3 specific markers in different ecological zones. So the conclusion was primarily that the landrace rice core collection in Yunnan genetically represented the whole landrace rice resources in Yunnan, the center of genetic diversity at DNA level lay in Southeast of Yunnan, and the DNA differentiation between indica and japonica was small. And microsatellite marker was a useful tool to study the genetic diversity, classification and ecotype of germplasm resources and their core collection.