蔬菜及土壤的铅、镉、铜和锌污染及评价方法初探

 通过大田调查的方法,应用聚类分析和综合污染指数法,对云南省昆明市蔬菜及其土壤中Pb,Cd,Cu和Zn污染进行了评价。结果表明:（1）土壤重金属Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn的超标率依次为:Cd＞Cu＞Zn＞Pb. 综合污染指数:Cd和Cu为中污染, Pb和Zn为轻污染。蔬菜土壤重金属总的综合评价为中污染。聚类分析结果为菜豆、番茄和青花菜的土壤污染较严重。（2）蔬菜Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn的含量超标率依次为:Pb＞Cu ＞Cd＞Zn. 聚类分析表明:萝卜、菜豆和番茄污染较严重。（3）聚类分析与污染指数评价具有一致性、可比性,结合两种方法进行分析评价更加合理、科学。

Concentration and Evaluation on Pollution of Pd,Cd,Cu and Zn in Vegetable Farm Soil and Vegetable of Kunming

The paper discussed the assessment methods of pollution of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in vegetable-farm soils and vegetable through field investigation method. The results showed that: Using pollution index and ratio of over-standard value methods, the order of over-standard value of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in soil was Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb. The single factor pollution of Pb, Zn in soil is low-degree, and Cd, Cu is middle-degree. The comprehensive pollution degree is middle. The cluster analysis showed the pollution of soil of Pea, Tomato and Cauliflower were serious. The order of over-standard value of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in vegetable was Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn. The cluster analysis showed the pollution of soil of Radish, Tomato and Cauliflower were serious. The cluster analysis and the comprehensive pollution Index given the similar results in some way, which should be combined to assessment.