种植密度对紫苏经济产量及农艺学性状的影响(英文)

紫苏是我国传统的药用植物,随着近年来其营养保健功能的重视和开发,紫苏已成为很有发展潜力的食药两用型作物。该研究以贵州省农业科学院油菜研究所选育的2个紫苏材料奇苏1号(油用型),奇苏3号(叶籽两用型)为研究材料,研究一般肥力水平下,不同种植密度处理对紫苏的经济产量及相关农艺学性状的影响。结果表明,2个品种的农艺学性状随栽培密度变化表现一致。其中,株高、茎节数、一次有效分枝长度、分枝位、单株穗数、单株产量与栽培密度呈显著负相关,主穗长度与主穗粒数与栽培密度呈显著正相关。栽培密度对千粒重的影响不显著。2个品种的单产均表现为随栽培密度增加先增加后降低。以栽培密度与紫苏单产建立回归方程,2个紫苏品种的回归方程分别为:y=54.046 5+96.777 1x-45.719 8x2(r=0.999 4)及y=38.717 6+42.111 3x-16.757 7x2(r=0.999 8)。根据回归方程,奇苏1号最适栽培密度为158 745株/hm2,籽粒产量可达1 578.90 kg/hm2。奇苏3号最适栽培密度为188 745株/hm2,可产籽粒977.55 kg/hm2,每公顷同时还可收获约3 000 kg紫苏干叶及2 400 kg紫苏梗。该研究结果将为紫苏品种推广、高产栽培及综合利用提供重要参考。

Effects of Plant Density on the Economic Yield and Agronomic Characters of Perilla frutescens L.

Perilla frutescens L. is a traditional medicinal plant in china. In recent years, with more and more attention is paid to the nutritional and health values of Perilla frutescens L, it has become a potential medicinal and edible crop. Two Per- ilia frutescens cultivars, Qisu No.1 （oil type） and Qisu No.3 （leaf and seed-using type）, bred by Rapeseed Research Institute of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, were used as test material for studying the effects of different planting density on the economic yield and agronomic characters of Perilla frutescens L. under moderate fertility level. The results showed the variation tendency of agro- nomic characters with the change of planting density was similar for the two Perilla frutescens cultivars. Among them, the plant height, main-stem nods, first effective branch length, first effective branch height, spikes per plant, and yield per plant were negatively related to the planting density; and main spike length and main- spike grains were positively related to the planting density. The effects of planting density on kilo-grain weight were not significant. The yield of the two cuitivars all increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density. The re- gression analysis of planting density versus yield of Perilla frutescens L. was per- formed for obtaining the regression equations （Qisu No.l： y=54.046 5＋96.777 lx- 45.719 8x2, r=0.999 4; Qisu No.3：y=38.717 6＋42.111 3x-16.757 7x2, r=0.999 8）. Based on the regression equations, the optimal planting density for Qisu No.1 was 158 745 plants/hm2 with peak yield of 1 578.90 kg/hm2, and for Qisu No.3 was 188 745 plants/hm2 with peak yield of 977.55 kg/hm2. Under the optimal planting density, Qisu No.3 could also harvest 3 000 kg/hm2 of Perilla frutescens dry leaves and 2 400 kg/hm2 of Perilla frutescens stems. This research would provide an important reference for the promotion, high-yield cultivation and comprehensive utilization of Perilla frutescens L.