双季稻区长期不同施肥模式对水稻干物质积累及产量的影响

为探明双季稻区不同施肥模式对水稻干物质积累及产量的影响,系统比较研究化肥、秸秆还田+化肥、习惯施肥和无肥4种施肥模式条件下早稻和晚稻干物质积累及产量的变化。结果表明,早稻和晚稻主要生育时期,群体根系干重均表现为习惯施肥化肥秸秆还田+化肥无肥;群体地上部干重表现为习惯施肥秸秆还田+化肥化肥无肥。地上部茎群体干重均表现为习惯施肥化肥秸秆还田+化肥无肥;叶群体干物重均以秸秆还田+化肥和习惯施肥水稻最高;穗群体干物重均以习惯施肥水稻最高,秸秆还田+化肥和化肥水稻次之。早稻和晚稻主要生育时期,根系干重占总干物质重的比例均以习惯施肥水稻最高,茎的比例均以无肥水稻最高,叶和穗的比例均以秸秆还田+化肥水稻最大。早稻主要生育时期,各施肥模式水稻叶片SPAD值均显著高于无肥;晚稻主要生育时期,各处理间大小顺序为秸秆还田+化肥习惯施肥化肥无肥。早稻和晚稻主要生育时期,水稻LAI大小顺序均表现为秸秆还田+化肥习惯施肥化肥无肥。各施肥模式早稻和晚稻产量分别比无肥增产3108.2、3592.2、3409.4和1917.7、2797.5、2635.5 kg·hm-2。说明不同施肥模式水稻干物质积累和产量有各自特征,与化肥相比,秸秆还田+化肥和习惯施肥模式水稻干物质总量大而且分配合理,有利于改善产量构成因素,增加水稻产量。

Effects of different long-term fertilizer management methods on dry matter accumulation and yield of rice in the double cropping rice field

MF>CK at the main growth stages of early rice and late rice. Compared with CK, the grain yield of early rice and late rice with MF, RF and LF increased by 3108.2, 3592.2, 3409.4 kg·hm^-2 and 1917.7, 2797.5 and 2635.5 kg·hm^-2, respectively, indicating the dry matter accumulation and grain yield of early rice and late rice with different fertilizer management methods have their own characteristics. Compared with MF, RF and LF had significantly higher total dry matter accumulation and better distribution, which improved grain yield and yield components.