水力负荷和气温对生态滤池处理农户灰水的影响

在三峡库区一个农户家构建了一套处理单个农户灰水的生态滤池工艺,研究了水力负荷和气温对工艺系统运行效率的影响.结果表明,在0.05~0.4 m³·m^-2·d^-1的变化范围内,随着水力负荷的逐渐升高,工艺系统对COD_Cr、NH₄⁺-N、TN、浊度(T)的去除率均呈现逐渐降低的整体变化趋势,而TP的去除率则表现出先升高后降低的变化规律.数据分析表明,生态滤池工艺的最佳运行水力负荷约为0.2 m³·m^-2·d^-1,在该水力负荷条件下,工艺系统对农户灰水中COD_Cr、TN、NH₄⁺-N、TP和浊度的平均去除率分别为75%、58%、72%、50%、80%.工艺系统对灰水中各污染物的去除率平均值均表现为夏季高于冬季,且其在冬季对各项指标的去除率仍然较高.在所监测的各项指标中,气温对COD_Cr指标的系统去除率影响相对最大.

Impacts of Hydraulic Loading Rate and Air Temperature on Eco-Filter Based Treatment of Greywater Generated in a Rural Household

Treating greywater from rural families has recently caused increasing interests. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of hydraulic loading rate(HLR) and air temperature on treatment efficiencies of greywater generated in a typical rural household. An eco-filter based greywater treatment facility was built in a typical rural house located in the Three Gorges Project area. The levels of COD_Cr, TN, NH₄⁺-N, TP and turbidity in both influent and effluent were monitored over an entire year. The removal rates of COD_Cr, TN, NH₄⁺-N, and turbidity(T) in the greywater gradually declined as HLR increased from 0.05 m³·m^-2·d^-1 to 0.4 m³·m^-2·d^-1. The removal rate of TP increased at first but decreased subsequently. The optimal efficiency of greywater treatment was observed at 0.2 m³·m^-2·d^-1 of HLR, which was 75%, 58%, 72%, 50%, and 80% for COD_Cr, TN, NH₄⁺-N, TP, and T, respectively. The average pH in the effluent was 7.9. The facility demonstrated better performance in the summer than in the winter. However the facility was still good enough for the greywater treatment even in the winter. Of monitored indexes, COD_Cr was most influenced by air temperature. These results would provide useful information for further studies on the developments of practical technologies and equipment for grey-water treatment in the Three Gorges Project area.