不同覆盖和水分处理对夏玉米生长发育和耗水特性的影响

在防雨棚下的测坑,研究了夏玉米在3种土壤水分下限控制条件下(占田间持水量的75%、65%和55%)不覆盖、地膜覆盖以及秸秆覆盖对作物生长发育、产量、耗水量以及水分利用效率(WUE)的影响.结果表明:地膜和秸秆覆盖的株高、叶面积指数、产量和水分利用效率均大于不覆盖;高水分秸秆覆盖的株高和叶面积指数高于地膜覆盖和无覆盖,中、低水分时地膜覆盖的株高和叶面积指数高于秸秆覆盖和无覆盖;中水分秸秆覆盖的增产效果最好,增产率为44.80%,高水分地膜覆盖的增产效果最差,增产率仅为9.32%;高、中水分条件下地膜覆盖的WUE提高率最大,分别为19.09%和50.64%,而低水分条件下秸秆覆盖的WUE提高率最大.由此可见,地膜和秸秆覆盖效应各有优势,土壤水分下限控制在田间持水量的65%时覆盖效果最佳.

Effects of Different Mulching and Soil Moisture Treatments on Growth Development and Water Consumption Characteristics of Summer Maize

The effects of no mulching,plastic film mulching and straw mulching under three soil moisture treatments(75%,65% and 55% of field capacity) on growth development,yield,water consumption characteristics,and water use efficiency(WUE) of summer maize are studied in lysimeters under a rainshelter.The results show that plant height,leaf area index(LAI),yield and WUE under film mulching and straw mulching are higher than no mulching.Under the high soil moisture treatment(75% of field capacity),the plant height and LAI of straw mulching are higher than that of plastic film mulching and no mulching,while under the medium(65% of field capacity) and low soil moisture treatments(55% of field capacity),the plant height and LAI of plastic film mulching are greater than that of straw mulching and no mulching.Under the medium soil moisture treatment,straw mulching has the highest yield increasing rate of 44.80%,while plastic film mulching under the high soil moisture treatment has the lowest yield increasing rate of 9.32%.The increasing rate of WUE for plastic film mulching under the high and medium soil moisture treatments is the greatest,which is 19.09% and 50.64%,respectively.While under low soil moisture treatment,the straw mulching had the highest increasing rate of WUE.So the effects of plastic film mulching and straw mulching all have their own advantages,and the best mulching effect can be achieved when the lower limit of soil moisture is controlled at the 65% of field capacity.