Biochemistry of hexose and pentose transformations in soil analyzed by position-specific labeling and 13C-PLFA |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany;2. Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany;3. Department of Agroecosystem Research, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Germany;4. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Russia;1. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101 Beijing, China;2. Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;3. Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;4. Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;1. Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;2. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom;3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada;4. Research Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany;1. Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;2. Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315830, China;3. The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK;1. Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany;2. Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany;3. Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia;4. Agro-Technology Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia;5. Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA;6. Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany;7. Institute of Plant and Soil Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany;1. Department of Agroecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, Germany;2. Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany;3. Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia;4. Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany;1. Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany;2. Department of Agroecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, Germany;3. Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Russian Federation;4. Department of Soil Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany;5. Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany;6. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Russian Federation |
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| Abstract: | Microbial transformations are key processes of soil organic matter (SOM) formation, stabilization and decomposition. Combination of position-specific 13C labeling with compound-specific 13C-PLFA analysis is a novel tool to trace metabolic pathways. This combination was used to analyze short-term transformations (3 and 10 days after tracer application) of two key monosaccharides: glucose and ribose in soil under field conditions. Transformations of sugars were quantified by the incorporation of 13C from individual molecule positions in bulk soil, microbial biomass (by CFE) and in cell membranes of microbial groups classified by 13C-PLFA.The 13C incorporation in the Gram negative bacteria was higher by one order of magnitude compared to all other microbial groups. All of the 13C recovered in soil on day 3 was allocated in microbial biomass. On day 10 however, a part of the 13C was recovered in non-extractable microbial cell components or microbial excretions. As sugars are not absorbed by mineral particles due to a lack of charged functional groups, their quick mineralization from soil solution is generally expected. However, microorganisms transformed sugars to metabolites with a slower turnover. The 13C incorporation from the individual glucose positions into soil and microbial biomass showed that the two main glucose utilizing pathways in organisms – glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway – exist in soils in parallel. However, the pattern of 13C incorporation from individual glucose positions into PLFAs showed intensive recycling of the added 13C via gluconeogenesis and a mixing of both glucose utilizing pathways. The pattern of position-specific incorporation of ribose C also shows initial utilization in the pentose phosphate pathway but is overprinted on day 10, again due to intensive recycling and mixing. This shows that glucose and ribose – as ubiquitous substrates – are used in various metabolic pathways and their C is intensively recycled in microbial biomass.Analyzing the fate of individual C atoms by position-specific labeling deeply improves our understanding of the pathways of microbial utilization of sugars (and other compounds) by microbial groups and so, of soil C fluxes. |
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| Keywords: | Monosaccharide transformation Isotopic approaches Metabolic tracing Carbon sequestration Carbon cycle Biomarkers |
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