Influence of elevated CO2 and GM barley on a soil mesofauna community in a mesocosm test system |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Blichers Allé, 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark;2. Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;3. Leibniz-Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 11-13, 24118 Kiel, Germany;4. Wageningen University, Department of Soil Quality, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;5. CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, CEFE UMR 5175, Route de Mende, 34199 Montpellier Cedex 5, France;6. Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark;7. University of Bremen, UFT, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany;8. Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Rome University, Via Borelli 50, I – 00161 Rome, Italy;1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522 New South Wales, Australia;2. Australian Plague Locust Commission, Fyshwick, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;3. School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;1. Normandie Université, EA 1293 ECODIV-Rouen, SFR SCALE, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, 76821, France;2. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7179, 4 Avenue du Petit-Château, Brunoy 91800, France;1. TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium;2. Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France;3. Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada;4. LISAH, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, 34060, Montpellier, France;5. Unité Sols, Eaux et Productions Intégrées, Département Durabilité, Systèmes et Prospectives, Centre wallon de Recherche Agronomique, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium;1. Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria;2. Toxicology Centre/Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;3. Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;4. ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Floersheim, Germany;5. LOEWE Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BiK-F, Frankfurt/Main, Germany |
| |
| Abstract: | We hypothesized that the combined effect of rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and increasing use of genetically modified (GM) crops in agriculture may affect soil food-webs. So we designed a study for the assessment of the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) concentrations and GM barley on a soil-mesofauna community employing a 2nd tier mesocosm test system. The GM barley, Hordeum vulgare cv. Golden Promise, had a modified content of amino acids and it was compared with three non-GM barley cultivated varieties including the isogenic line. Our mesocosm experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at ambient (aCO2) and eCO2 (+80 ppm) levels and included a multispecies assemblage of Collembola, Acari and Enchytraeidae with either a GM or conventional spring barley varieties. To detect food-web changes we added dried maize leaves naturally enriched in δ13C and δ15N relative to the soil substrate. Soil, plants and animals were collected after five and eleven weeks. We found that the eCO2 concentration did not affect the plant biomass, but the predatory mite and two collembolan species showed significantly lower abundances at eCO2. The densities of three collembolan species (Folsomia fimetaria, Proisotoma minuta and juveniles of Mesaphorura macrochaeta) was significantly lower in the GM treatment compared to some of the non-GM varieties. F. fimetaria was less abundant in presence of GM barley compared to the cultivated barley variety “Netto” at both CO2 levels, while the density of P. minuta was significantly reduced with the GM barley compared to variety “Netto” at aCO2 and the isogenic variety at eCO2. Maize litter acted as a food source for the community, as it was revealed by δ13C values in microarthropods. Microarthropod δ13C decreased over time, which indicates a diet change of the species towards carbon derived from barley, due to maize litter decomposition. The industrially produced CO2 gas also had a role as an isotopic marker, as the different δ13C values were reflected in the barley and in the collembolan species. GM barley did not affect δ13C and δ15N values of soil animals indicating that the overall trophic structure of the mesofauna community was not changed compared to the non-GM cultivated varieties. The mesocosm methodology integrating stable isotope analysis demonstrates the potential of the multi-species mesocosm as a tool to detect and track changes in the soil trophic interactions in response to environmental pressures, climate and novel agricultural crops. |
| |
| Keywords: | GM barley Trophic structure Community dynamics Mesofauna |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
