pH regulates key players of nitrification in paddy soils |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;4. Everglades Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA;1. School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Nanjing 210023, China;1. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea;2. Korea Polar Research Institute, KOPRI, Incheon, Republic of Korea;3. Filed Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan;4. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China;5. Division of Forest Biotechnology, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, Malaysia;6. Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia;7. Institute of Bioscience, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia;8. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia;1. Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, USA;2. Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China |
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| Abstract: | Increasing lines of evidence have suggested the functional importance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) rather than bacteria (AOB) for nitrification in upland soils with low pH. However, it remains unclear whether niche specialization of AOA and AOB occurs in rice paddy wetlands constrained by oxygen availability. Using DNA-based stable isotope probing, we conclude that AOA dominated nitrification activity in acidic paddy soils (pH 5.6) while AOB dominated in alkaline soils (pH 8.2). Nitrification activity was stimulated by urea fertilization and accompanied by a significant increase of AOA in acid soils and AOB in alkaline soils. DNA-based stable isotope probing indicated significant assimilation of 13CO2 for AOA only in acidic paddy soil, while AOB was the solely responsible for ammonia oxidation in the alkaline paddy soil. Phylogenetic analysis further indicated that AOA members within the soil group 1.1b lineage dominated nitrification in acid soils. Ammonia oxidation in the alkaline soil was catalyzed by Nitrosospira cluster 3-like AOB, suggesting that the physiological diversity of AOA is more complicated than previously thought, and soil pH plays important roles in shaping the community structures of ammonia oxidizers in paddy field. |
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| Keywords: | Soil pH Paddy field Ammonia-oxidizing archaea Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Stable-isotope probing |
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