Soil nematode assemblages as bioindicators of primary succession along a 120-year-old chronosequence on the Hailuogou Glacier forefield,SW China |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;2. The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Linan 311300, Zhejiang, China;3. Department of Environmental Science on Biosphere, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan;4. Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China;5. Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;1. Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;2. Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;3. Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;4. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;5. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;6. Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA;7. Environmental Science Program, University of Southeast Alaska, Juneau, AK 99801, USA;8. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456, USA;1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn,Oczapowskiego St. 1a, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland;2. Department of Applied Hydrogeology, Institute of Geological Sciences, Wrocław University, M. Borna Sq. 9, 50-204 Wrocław, Poland,;3. Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicz Av. 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland;1. Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 570102, China;2. Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Hainan Haikou 570102, China;3. Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 570101, China;1. Laboratory of Forest Mycology, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan;2. Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Momoyama, Fushimi, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan;1. Takayama Field Station, River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 919-47 Iwaicho, Takayama, Gifu 506-0815, Japan;2. National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midoricho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan;3. School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone 522-8533, Japan;4. River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;5. Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan;1. Center for Ecological Studies, Chengdu Institute of Biology, 9 Section 4 Renminnan Rd, Chengdu 610041, China;2. College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 24 South Section 1 Yihuan Rd, Chengdu 610065, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China;4. Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China;5. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;6. Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Successional dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems is important for interactions between aboveground and belowground subsystems. In this study, nematode communities in a Hailuogou Glacier Chronosequence from seven stages were investigated to determine whether changes in soil phosphorus (P) and nematode assemblages parallel those observed in aboveground communities, and whether the primary succession in this chronosequence has entered a retrogressive phase after 120 years of succession. The initial 40-year succession, including stages 2, 3 and 4, can be viewed as a build-up phase. Especially at stage 3, vegetation succession from grassland to forest accelerated the accumulation of plant litter and bioavailable P, paralleled with a sharp increase in nematode abundance. The mature phases covering stages 5, 6 and 7 displayed most balanced nematode communities, in which abundance, taxon richness, maturity index and structure index were at highest. However, the last stage 7 appeared to show some retrogressive characteristics, as suggested by the reduced bioavailability of P and a significant decrease in nematode densities, along with the disappearance of some rare genera of nematodes from higher trophic guilds, resulting in decreases in the nematode channel ratio, plant parasite index and enrichment index. Thus, the Hailuogou Glacier Chronosequence may enter its retrogressive phase during the next decade or century. A bacterial-based nematode energy channel dominated the chronosequence during the development; by contrast, a fungivore-based channel was activated at the early and late stages, because fungivores are better adapted to nutrient-poor environments. Our results demonstrated that different nematode guilds have contrasting responses to chronosequence stages, possibly due to their different responses to bottom-up and top-down controls. Furthermore, soil nematode communities could be used as sensitive bioindicators of soil health in glacial-retreat areas. |
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| Keywords: | Bioavailable phosphorus Nematode assemblages Nematode ecological indices Plant succession Retrogression |
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