Ecological implications of motor oil pollution: Earthworm survival and soil health |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;2. Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Australia;3. Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515055, India;1. Eastern Corridor Renewable Energy Group (ECRE), Environmental Technology Programme, School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;3. Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom;1. School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India;2. Biotechnology Department, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Sector -15, Gandhinagar 382015, Gujarat, India;3. Department of Microbiology, M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India;1. CNRS, IEES, UMR CNRS-INRA-UPMC-UPEC-IRD-ParisAgroTech, Campus ParisAgroTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France;2. IMPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD, CP 52 – 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;3. CNRS, ENS Geologie, Paris, France;4. Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany;5. INRA, UR P3F, Centre INRA Poitou-Charentes, Lusignan, France;1. College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China;2. International College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China;3. Hangzhou Zhaopin ST Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310000, China;1. Omsk State Technical University, 11, Mira Pr., Omsk 644050, Russian Federation;2. Institute of Hydrocarbons processing SB RAS, 54, Neftezavodskaya St., Omsk 644040, Russian Federation |
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| Abstract: | The nontarget effects of fresh and used motor oil were studied in a soil test system involving such criteria as earthworm survival, response of soil dehydrogenase and urease, and nitrification. When earthworms were exposed to motor oil-contaminated soil for 4 weeks, the observed median lethal concentrations (LC50) were 40.33 and 3.88 g kg−1 soil for fresh and used oil, respectively. Only fresh motor oil application increased earthworms' body weight even at the higher dose of 19 g kg−1 soil. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that used motor oil contained more of aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals than fresh oil. This disparity in the chemical composition might be the factor responsible for the significant toxicity of used motor oil towards earthworms. Activities of soil dehydrogenase and urease were significantly enhanced in presence of both the motor oils, while there was a significant inhibition in nitrification by the used motor oil even at a low concentration of 0.2 g kg−1 soil. This study clearly demonstrated that earthworm survival and nitrification could serve as suitable indices to assess motor oil pollution in soil. |
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| Keywords: | Used motor oil Nontarget effects Earthworm survival Hydrocarbon accumulation Soil health |
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